The Aspects Of My Interview Style - 1432 Words

Part one will discuss the aspects of my interview style. This will include how I felt about my performance and what I wished I have done differently. It also, will include the things that I believe I did my best when conducting the interviews with the client. What skills do you notice in your interview style? The skills that I noticed during my interview style was that I was an active and attentive listener. I believe that I let the client discuss her situation, while doing so, I emphasized that I understood how hard it could be being a single parent. I believe I could have been a little more reflective, but my client spoke a lot and I did not want to interrupt her. I also believe that I done well in recognizing my client’s strengths.†¦show more content†¦Warmth and genuineness is another quality that I practiced well, I welcomed the client each time smiling and just being happy to see her. I did notice that I kept trying to rest my hand on my chin and messing with my bangs, this could have been a distraction for the client and I did not realize this until I went back and watched the videos. How do you think the other person saw you? My client may have seen me as someone to go and vent to about her current situation in life. Since I allowed the client to speak about anything that was concerning her, she had the freedom to do so. I think she may have saw me more as a facilitator, by linking her to parenting classes and the WIN job center. I believe that the client and I did not have any misunderstanding and we were able to discuss openly and clear during our visits. How do you know your interview was effective? One of the problems presented by the client was that she wanted to become a better parent. Therefore, I informed the client about parenting classes. She stated that her son was acting out and disciplining him seemed to be ineffective. I gave her the options of going another route on how to discipline the child. I explained that there were different methods to use while disciplining her child, one was time out or taking away one of his toys. After the client visited the parenting classes, she said the classes went into detail

Nevada History Free Essays

Since ages I have been firmly stood and evidenced several phases of history and have witnessed  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   numerous mysterious and strange phases that are still unrevealed. I am huge, graceful and well known Battle Mountain. My homeland is Nevada, which is a state of USA and is situated in its West. We will write a custom essay sample on Nevada History or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s surrounded by California, Ogre, Idaho, Utah and Arizona. Though it is larger than these states but has lesser population. But, it has always been a point of attraction for the visitors because of the beautiful places like me, the great Battle Mountain. Nevada is a Spanish word which means â€Å"snow clad†. Much about primeval Nevada remains vague but there is sign of human commotion in the area for at least 12,000 years. Almost 30 thousand years ago, Nevada was passing through the Ice Age along with the rest of the west. This was the time when I used to be covered with ice and my valleys were full of glaciers. Gradually, with the melting of ice in the course of centuries the mountains crept further away. (Elliot 1987) Anasazis 8000-18000 B.C.: I kept watching when all of this water reserved the region that is now a desert enclosed with abundant plantation. In this initial metamorphous period some famous ice age animals came into being such as musk ox, caribou and the mammoth. With the constant melting of ice the temperature began to rise and mammals moved northwards in search of new meadows.  The title of first Nevadans went to Anasazi means â€Å"The Ancient Ones†. None of their remains like bones etc have been discovered yet except a few animal art works.  Ã‚  The archeologists and geologists have hypothesized that these ancient people might have lived during 8000 to 18000 B. C. (Elliot, 1987). The Basket Makers 1500 B. C. The next Nevadan civilization is referred to as â€Å"The Basket Makers† in the history, as the finely made baskets are the only evidence of them instead of any pots or artwork. Use of spears, sticks and darts is evident but no arrows and bows. They existed near 1500B. C.   Several hundreds years later the first white people came around with the bows and arrows. In the same time in south the basket makers started to cultivate maize and Indian corn and they also began to use the arrows and bows.  Sometime later they learnt to make pottery and with these continued facilities they gradually proceeded towards civilization. Their homes were dug outs or pits. (Rusco 1975) The Lost City: After another episode of five hundred years the Pueblo Indians arrived at Moapa Valley region, from northern Arizona. They brought not only the better residential techniques but also started the agriculture of squashes, cotton and beans.   The Pueblo blended with the Basket Makers, but it’s unrevealed that whether any of them was a captor or it was a peaceable join.   The ultimate outcome was, however the formation of â€Å"Pueblo Grande de Nevada† or the renowned Lost City. At its climax, the Lost City extended for several miles.  Ã‚  It comprised agricultural fields and human settlements scattered all over the valley. It included farm lands, outlying small dwellings and villages scattered through the valley for miles. (Rusco 1975) The first Whiteman: As, I trace back my memory Nevada was the last region of the coterminous United States to be discovered. The history of Nevada took a turn when the first Whiteman, though, not American reached there in 1776. He was Fray Fransico Garces and a swift development started taking place. (Glass 1981) During the same year, Franciscan missionaries may have got into the farthest southern part whilst in search of a route to join the Spanish towns of New Mexico with settlements of California. Further adventure was commenced after fifty years, by British and American fur merchants and trappers. The courageous trader Peter Skene Ogden, who belonged to Hudson’s Bay Company, went across the present northern boundary of the state in the middle of 1820. Ogden discovered the Humboldt River in 1828 during his second exploring trip. Approximately at the same time, in 1826, the American traveler and trader Jedediah Smith came into southern Nevada on a march to California. In 1827 he went across Sierra, advanced by way of mid Nevada, and came back to the Great Salt Lake region. Jeddediah Smith is known as the first American in the region. A group of trappers, under the command of Joseph Walker traveled to California in 1833, through Humboldt and Carson rivers. After a decade he directed explorers over almost the similar path, setting up a good element of the track used by primitive tourists on their way to California. After the discovery of gold in California in 1848, several explorers went across Nevada on their direction to the Pacific Coast. In the interim, as a consequence of his scientific journeys during 1843and1844 and 1845and1846, John Charles Fremont accomplished a geographic perceptive of the area. After probing through the barren extensions of Nevada for the legendary River Buenaventura, which was supposed to flow towards west to the Pacific Ocean, Fremont assumed that this was an area of internal drainage, and he declared Nevada to be section of his well known â€Å"Great Basin.†(Stewart 1983) I also evidenced the period of territorial days and early statehood. The region from which Nevada was shaped was obtained from Mexico by the Agreement of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. I still remember the days, it was 1849 when in Carson valley, and the first European American settlement was established which was later named as Genoa. Nevada became a section of Utah in 1850 when Utah and new California were recognized as territories. In 1859 silver was discovered in Comstock Lode, which followed a great influx of people to Nevada. Then it was declared as a separate territory in 1861. After almost three years when President Lincoln looked for the support of an antislavery state, Nevada turned to statehood. It was October 31, 1864, which is celebrated as Nevada’s birthday every year. In the initial years of statehood mining proved to be as a vital economic factor.   Cultivators and ranchers engaged the majority available farming lands. The mining growth began to diminish in l873. It was the time when silver’s prices started to fall because of being demonetized. However overtiredness of the mines was a causal issue. Consequently the state’s population was reduced by almost 1/3 by the beginning of 1900. (Elliot 1987) Up till now Nevada has undergone remarkable revolutions and now it does hit a high target in US tourism. More than 50 million tourists visit Nevada every year producing an awesome amount of $ 40 billion for the tourism returns. (Nevada Features Stories 2005) Centuries are passing one after the other and me The Battle Mountain is still stood here to record the unknown further advancement of civilization in my homeland, Nevada. References Elliot, Russel R. (1987). History of Nevada. 2nd ed.   University of Neb. Press. Glass, Mary E. (1981). Nevada’s Turbulent Fifties: Decade of Political and Economic Change. University of Nev. Press. Nevada Features Stories. Retrieved April 3, 2008, from Rusco, Elmer R. (1975). Good Time Coming? Black Nevadans in the Nineteenth Century. Greenwood Press. Stewart, George R. (1983). The California Trail. University of Neb. Press. How to cite Nevada History, Essay examples Nevada History Free Essays Nevada History Up To 1900 Since ages I have been firmly stood and evidenced several phases of history and have witnessed  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   numerous mysterious and strange phases that are still unrevealed. I am huge, graceful and well known Battle Mountain. My homeland is Nevada, which is a state of USA and is situated in its West. We will write a custom essay sample on Nevada History or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s surrounded by California, Ogre, Idaho, Utah and Arizona. Though it is larger than these states but has lesser population. But, it has always been a point of attraction for the visitors because of the beautiful places like me, the great Battle Mountain. Nevada is a Spanish word which means â€Å"snow clad†. Much about primeval Nevada remains vague but there is sign of human commotion in the area for at least 12,000 years. Almost 30 thousand years ago, Nevada was passing through the Ice Age along with the rest of the west. This was the time when I used to be covered with ice and my valleys were full of glaciers. Gradually, with the melting of ice in the course of centuries the mountains crept further away. (Elliot 1987) Anasazis 8000-18000 B.C.: I kept watching when all of this water reserved the region that is now a desert enclosed with abundant plantation. In this initial metamorphous period some famous ice age animals came into being such as musk ox, caribou and the mammoth. With the constant melting of ice the temperature began to rise and mammals moved northwards in search of new meadows.  The title of first Nevadans went to Anasazi means â€Å"The Ancient Ones†. None of their remains like bones etc have been discovered yet except a few animal art works.  Ã‚  The archeologists and geologists have hypothesized that these ancient people might have lived during 8000 to 18000 B. C. (Elliot, 1987). The Basket Makers 1500 B. C. The next Nevadan civilization is referred to as â€Å"The Basket Makers† in the history, as the finely made baskets are the only evidence of them instead of any pots or artwork. Use of spears, sticks and darts is evident but no arrows and bows. They existed near 1500B. C. Several hundreds years later the first white people came around with the bows and arrows. In the same time in south the basket makers started to cultivate maize and Indian corn and they also began to use the arrows and bows.  Sometime later they learnt to make pottery and with these continued facilities they gradually proceeded towards civilization. Their homes were dug outs or pits. (Rusco 1975) The Lost City: After another episode of five hundred years the Pueblo Indians arrived at Moapa Valley region, from northern Arizona. They brought not only the better residential techniques but also started the agriculture of squashes, cotton and beans. The Pueblo blended with the Basket Makers, but it’s unrevealed that whether any of them was a captor or it was a peaceable join.   The ultimate outcome was, however the formation of â€Å"Pueblo Grande de Nevada† or the renowned Lost City. At its climax, the Lost City extended for several miles.  Ã‚  It comprised agricultural fields and human settlements scattered all over the valley. It included farm lands, outlying small dwellings and villages scattered through the valley for miles. (Rusco 1975) The first Whiteman: As, I trace back my memory Nevada was the last region of the coterminous United States to be discovered. The history of Nevada took a turn when the first Whiteman, though, not American reached there in 1776. He was Fray Fransico Garces and a swift development started taking place. (Glass 1981) During the same year, Franciscan missionaries may have got into the farthest southern part whilst in search of a route to join the Spanish towns of New Mexico with settlements of California. Further adventure was commenced after fifty years, by British and American fur merchants and trappers. The courageous trader Peter Skene Ogden, who belonged to Hudson’s Bay Company, went across the present northern boundary of the state in the middle of 1820. Ogden discovered the Humboldt River in 1828 during his second exploring trip. Approximately at the same time, in 1826, the American traveler and trader Jedediah Smith came into southern Nevada on a march to California. In 1827 he went across Sierra, advanced by way of mid Nevada, and came back to the Great Salt Lake region. Jeddediah Smith is known as the first American in the region. A group of trappers, under the command of Joseph Walker traveled to California in 1833, through Humboldt and Carson rivers. After a decade he directed explorers over almost the similar path, setting up a good element of the track used by primitive tourists on their way to California. After the discovery of gold in California in 1848, several explorers went across Nevada on their direction to the Pacific Coast. In the interim, as a consequence of his scientific journeys during 1843and1844 and 1845and1846, John Charles Fremont accomplished a geographic perceptive of the area. After probing through the barren extensions of Nevada for the legendary River Buenaventura, which was supposed to flow towards west to the Pacific Ocean, Fremont assumed that this was an area of internal drainage, and he declared Nevada to be section of his well known â€Å"Great Basin.†(Stewart 1983) I also evidenced the period of territorial days and early statehood. The region from which Nevada was shaped was obtained from Mexico by the Agreement of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. I still remember the days, it was 1849 when in Carson valley, and the first European American settlement was established which was later named as Genoa. Nevada became a section of Utah in 1850 when Utah and new California were recognized as territories. In 1859 silver was discovered in Comstock Lode, which followed a great influx of people to Nevada. Then it was declared as a separate territory in 1861. After almost three years when President Lincoln looked for the support of an antislavery state, Nevada turned to statehood. It was October 31, 1864, which is celebrated as Nevada’s birthday every year. In the initial years of statehood mining proved to be as a vital economic factor.   Cultivators and ranchers engaged the majority available farming lands. The mining growth began to diminish in l873. It was the time when silver’s prices started to fall because of being demonetized. However overtiredness of the mines was a causal issue. Consequently the state’s population was reduced by almost 1/3 by the beginning of 1900. (Elliot 1987) Up till now Nevada has undergone remarkable revolutions and now it does hit a high target in US tourism. More than 50 million tourists visit Nevada every year producing an awesome amount of $ 40 billion for the tourism returns. (Nevada Features Stories 2005) Centuries are passing one after the other and me The Battle Mountain is still stood here to record the unknown further advancement of civilization in my homeland, Nevada. References Elliot, Russel R. (1987). History of Nevada. 2nd ed.   University of Neb. Press. Glass, Mary E. (1981). Nevada’s Turbulent Fifties: Decade of Political and Economic Change. University of Nev. Press. Nevada Features Stories. Retrieved April 3, 2008, from http://travelnevada.com/story.asp?sid=3 Rusco, Elmer R. (1975). Good Time Coming? Black Nevadans in the Nineteenth Century. Greenwood Press. Stewart, George R. (1983). The California Trail. University of Neb. Press. How to cite Nevada History, Essay examples

Essay on Architectural Site Casablanca - Morocco

Question: Describe about the Essay on Architectural Site for Casablanca, Morocco. Answer: Introduction: Morocco, today often identified as the Feast for the Senses is a store house of mesmerising structures that stimulate the entire complex of human sensorium. Morocco is situated in the north-western Africa and Casablanca is the largest city of the country. The long history of Morocco has been trailed by several rulers and each kingdom has left its mark on the architecture of the country. Casablanca the epicentre of urban architecture was beautified during the first half of 20th century. Till 1950s the modern and Art Deco style was embraced in the craftsmanship and also enthusiastically supported by the residents of the city. It was during the same period when the city was identified as a French America a brash capitalist modernity that has indulged into constructing unique forms of skyscrapers. While the modern buildings were built by collecting inspiration from the villas of south of Europe and also from archaic buildings from Arabian tradition (Benmamoun, 2000). The enthralling architecture of Morocco has been influenced by various cultures throughout the history. For century the country was thronged by African tribes and rulers from Islamic and Arabic tradition as well as later controlled by the European colonisers. Such confluence of culture has encouraged the country to evolve as the epicentre of socio-political hub of both culture and revolution which has been displayed through unique architectural style. Thus Casablanca today is an attempt of the urban architects to restore the long lost charm of the traditional time in the midst of confluence of culture and religious background (Bonfante-Warren, 2000). The essay here shed a light on architectural delights and presents an in-depth analysis of socio-political perspective as well as cultural background of Morocco. The analyst here further explores from several architectural theories and studies it in connection with distinct forms and structure used in the creation. Discussion on the architectural site Casablanca: Urban planning was of key focus during the early years of French Protectorate in Morocco. Between 1910 and early twenties the architects focussed on building innovative structure and also crafted several experimental sculptures following the European tradition. Since 1906 the small town of Casablanca underwent a notable process of transformation. Under the political vision of Lyautey, the Governor General of the colony indulged into urban planning for future development. Eminent architects with in-depth knowledge on designing and art with diploma from Ecole des Beaux-Arts, were engaged to create enthralling constructions. The architectural style of Morocco thus showcases extraordinary beauty and reflect diverse as well as cosmopolitan cultural fusion. In some of the key cities of Morocco, such as Tangier and Fez there lies a quarter known as medina, or the old city and the respective area of the city is influenced by Moorish and Arab-style architecture. Besides the medina there is vi lle nouvelle, or the French colonial city (Gruber, 2014). Traditionally Morocco has been an Islamic state and the Islam architects has transformed the stones into artistic level. The influence of Islamic art and design could be noticed in the creation of structure, wide use of horseshoe arches, tall minarets and decorative mosques. One of the major concept of the Islamic architecture is the construction of enclosed space for living as well as dining. The building clearly highlight the Islamic sentiment, such as building structure if a part of the environment, hence there is a private garden, open area, circled area, enclosed courtyard with garden and pools (Hawking and Mlodinow, 2010). Casablanca is a city within Morocco that situates towards the west about 100 km south-west of the capital of Rabat. It is the largest city of Morocco and at present thronged with 3.3 million people. It has one of the busiest ports in Africa. The old city of Casablanca is a confluence of modern and European city style and these two cities within Casablanca are known as old city and the new city. The old city is rich in traditional buildings and the new city has high rise buildings, sky scrapers and residential area. The country has Mediterranean climate and this help the people to enjoy the weather and indulge in construction and designing activities. It relation to the research conducted on art and architecture of Morocco with special focus on Casablanca, it has been identified that Islamic customs and law generally influence the architectural designs and craftsmanship (Benmamoun, 2000). Moroccan visual arts that is spread along Casablanca reflects a deep commitment towards complex geometry, calligraphy design, use of simple pastel shade and floral pattern. Since Islam strictly restricts representation of people and animal in art, the use of abstract pattern could be noticed all over. Calligraphic carvings from Koran are inscribed on wood and stone. The background of the carvings symbolises complexity of life through geometric complex structures and shapes (Gruber, 2014). Casablanca the sublime city of Morocco enraptured with real spaces in virtual city. Casablanca also known as the port city which the French occupiers have developed in 1912 and enhanced it beauty through implementation of intense construction activities during the 1940s and 1950s. This city today not only has underground parking made up of European style and largest American swimming pool, such enhancements were introduced soon after the Second World War. Housing urban planning projects soon became prominent and took symbolic role in the construction of a new society in a modern way. Public events like In the Desert of Modernity was introduced to celebrate and exhibit modern architectures. Different designs could be seen spread around the buildings throughout the city (Bonfante-Warren, 2000). The architectural delights strongly puts forward that the amalgamation of past and present artistic charm of Islam. Besides Islamic culture, influence of Hispano-Moorish architecture could be ex perienced. This tradition has its roots in the Almoravid dynasty and is remembered for combining two distinct styles and could be found present in most of the buildings in Casablanca. As far as the designing elements are concerned Morocco is often known as the country that allures, full of mystery and unique beauty. It is these key characteristics that blends together to form the unique architecture of the timeless era (Gruber, 2014). Though the country had turbulent history yet its rich artistic heritage has successfully survived till today. Besides these the designing elements of Moroccan architecture has a strong Islamic influence which includes elaborate use of geometric patterns, rich and ornamental calligraphy from Islamic verses and also use of colourful zellij or ceramic title mosaic. As already mentioned open courtyards with lavish gardens are present at the centre of the buildings and were used for relaxation and privacy. The Hispano-Moorish style further features the Moroccan architecture in which the key elements like sharp white walls, stucco roofs in the arches and large domes are prominent. The beauty of architecture in Casablanca mosques lies in bl ending Islamic styled buildings such as mosques and madrasas (Hawking and Mlodinow, 2010). As far as the different structure and designs are concerned Moroccan architecture is an amalgamation of different styles at different age with unique features and traditional beauty. An exceptional blend could be noticed amidst the enthralling designing elements and impressive features. Some of the key structures like mosques, riads, ramparts, palaces, medersas, souks, kasbahs etc. To begin with the mosques. Key architectural features include mesmerising domes with altars or commemoratory monuments and modern villas. The interior doors of the villas are generally huge and embellished. Ornate decoration could be noticed all over the building structure. On the contrary small doors were used in dars. Door are generally adorned with fine metal work, colour and carving. Windows are uniquely designed and decorated with arched glass panes (O'Gorman and Robinson, 2008). The windows are simpler than the ornate doors. Application of Mashrabia an Islamic dowel work could be seen on the large wo od carvings and are generally used for partitions within elaborate geometric pattern. This is a technique used to protect women of the family from prying eyes of the visitors or guest in the house. A fountain is present in most houses and is generally made up of marvel or cement and is placed at the heart of the courtyard. Some of the key designing elements present in Moroccan architectural delights are woodwork, plaster, metal work, ceramics and lavish colour palette in which use of shades like blue, white, red, black, green and yellow was predominant (O'Gorman and Robinson, 2008). Mosques are known as the most important structure of Islamic tradition and hence could be seen spread along the city. Mosques are present in every village or city. Typical features like walls and fountain covered in green and with zellij and adorned mirhab in stucco and marble mesmerises the visitors even today. Riads or traditional homes and palaces in Morocco attract tourists eyes and transcends him to the charm of the yester years so that the modern eyes could experience the lost charm of Arabic culture and Islamic reign. These are private residents built to meet the secluded need of the family and are usually focussed inward with a courtyard at the centre of the house. This help in both protecting the privacy of the Moroccan culture. The rooms open towards the courtyard and comprise of featured widows towards the central space. The courtyard is usually decorated with a fountain and lemon trees. The picturesque elements of Moroccan culture could be explored in its artistic express ion. Use of pastel shades unique water colours and vernacular architecture encouraged the architects to use organised spatial structures (Benmamoun, 2000). As far as the architectural theories are concerned it was soon after Second world war when the respective indulgence took the shape of a profession and peoples utilised it to express political faith in the modern perspective. A common belief generated that architects could improve the life of people by blending art, design and culture in a significant manner. The first book ever published in this domain was Theory and Design in the First Machine Age (1960). This research work was a milestone in the field, theories that have been studied in the domain begins as, Deconstructivism, Post modernism, Parametric Desig, Futuristic Design and Cybertecture. These are usually discussed under the modern architectural style and are known for helping designers to take the art and craftsmanship to the next level. In connection to the evaluation of theories in relation to Casablanca in Morocco it could be underpinned that the architects in the modern era concocted unique features of traditional styl e and structure and incorporated the technological advancement of present times to create far more strong and sturdy structure. Deconstructivism is also a unique urban approach which balances the sense and sensibility of both times and create aesthetically charming, yet functional structures. Deconstructivism is a unique approach that is innovative in style and is different from the traditional architectural style. This approach was however developed and introduced by Derrida and is selected here to discuss prominently in connection to Moroccan city of Casablanca. It is this theory which focuses on modifying the conventional approach that was known as rectilinear style and also emphasised on changing the external features of construction into broken shapes and fragmented elements (Yassin and Utaberta, 2012). Secondly, the Postmodern architecture theory identifies the belief that architectural craftsmanship adopts the approach of form follows function. Under this theory the building functionality is considered while constructing the structure. At Casablanca the modern structure and urban planning is implemented by following functional features and these ensure that there exist balance between the traditional architectural forms and postmodern architecture. Utility based concept gained importance and every building today emphasised on adopting approaches to ensure adequate utilisation of the available space. This theory was introduced in the modern era and is typically followed in most modern constructions. Critics have however pointed out that the abstract structure of the urban architecture today is bereft of aesthetic charm, instead appears stoic and motionless amidst concrete and steel. Many cities today follow the respective theory and developed the architectural constructions. Some o f the key cities that enhanced the respective beauty are New York, Paris etc. In other countries like Morocco, Brazil, Europe and Istanbul the main focus was on adopting approaches to restore buildings in an innovative manner. It is an approach that help in protecting old buildings and enjoy the beauty and charm of the lost times (O'Gorman and Robinson, 2008). Parametric design is another approach or theory of architecture that is created with the help of designing software. People today use these software to create designs and then construct them in cement and bricks. It uses 3D forms and enhance visualisation of the design by adding perspectives to the building design and enhance the visual quality. Besides Parametric design, Futuristic design has been introduced. This includes specific designs, contemporary style, implementation of apt technology and cutty edge tools for execution. One of the remarkable designs under this theory is construction of the dragon fly wing. In Moroccan architecture as mentioned that Deconstructivism has been predominantly followed to maintain the mesmerising charm of the earlier times. In restoration work the architects have focussed on using specific materials for key areas, like stone has been used for the doorways, white plaster has been blended on the arches of the portico which is further enhanced with green glazed tiles on the roof. Such unique elements emphasise on achieving tranquillity and absolute privacy amidst the cosmos (Yassin and Utaberta, 2012). Conclusion: Thus, after exploring the architectural details of Casablanca it could be mentioned that buildings in Casablanca differs largely is style and shape. They have interesting features and steeped in orate design and artistic craftsmanship of several influences. History confirms that Morocco was ruled by several kings and hence each left their mark in every sphere of life, of which art and architecture gained tremendous importance and mark the inception of architectural pursuit. The houses were uniquely planned by maintaining tradition and absolute focus has been given on valuing aesthetics and designs of the era. Use of unique designing element, features, building structure, forms and shades have combined to assist in enriching the culture and heritage of the city. Inscription of Islamic verses from Koran further assist in enhancing the beauty of a building or singular structure. Open courtyards and lavish garden marks the uniqueness of the building as it create specific area for privacy and relaxation. Hence adaptation of specific theoretical approach in the present time further enhanced the beauty and charm of the place and created Casablanca as one of the magnificent locals to visit and enjoy amidst Mediterranean backdrop. References Benmamoun, E. (2000).The feature structure of functional categories. New York: Oxford University Press. Bonfante-Warren, A. (2000).Moroccan style. New York, N.Y.: Friedman/Fairfax Pub. Gruber, C. (2014). Islamic Architecture on the Move.International Journal of Islamic Architecture, 3(2), pp.241-264. Hawking, S. and Mlodinow, L. (2010).The grand design. New York: Bantam Books. Lovatt-Smith, L. and Muthesius, A. (1995).Moroccan interiors =. Kln: Taschen. O'Gorman, J. and Robinson, C. (2008).Henry Austin. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press. Rabbat, N. (2014). Islamic Architecture and the Profession.International Journal of Islamic Architecture, 3(1), pp.37-40. Ruskin, J. (2001).The Seven lamps of architecture. London: Electric Book Co. Wesley, J. and Wesley, C. (1743).The nature, design, and general rules, of the United Societies. Newcastle upon Tyne: Printed by John Gooding. Yassin, A. and Utaberta, D. (2012). ARCHITECTURE IN THE ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION: MUSLIM BUILDING OR ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE.JIA, 2(2).

Standing Out in a Group Essay Example

Standing Out in a Group Essay Personal Learning Journal 1 Company Name: Fliers for Fires Mark Pond 12930775 Over the last 5 weeks I have come to learn a lot about my group not only in terms of working in unity as one company, but each member within it on an individual level. My first impression of the group was one of surprise and ambiguity as I was a little hesitant whether or not we would work well as a team. This is due to the fact we have six members spread across three totally different countries/cultures with these being America, Australia and Saudi Arabia. When initially getting together and meeting everyone for the first time our group suffered from a mild case of shy-ness which ultimately resulted in Groupthink. This phenomenon was most prominent when we were presenting our various ideas to the rest of the group because we all tried to minimize conflict and reach a consensus without critically testing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas. 1] Evidently, as time went on and we got to know one another on a more personal level both inside and outside of the classroom and the formation of ideas and group discussion evolved allowing us to bond as a group and establish the foundations of a promising company. Throughout the last 21 years of my life I have come to understand that I am a person of two differing characteristics. We will write a custom essay sample on Standing Out in a Group specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Standing Out in a Group specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Standing Out in a Group specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As such I have come to realize that I am both introverted and extroverted. When discussing matters as a group I become extremely introverted, unless I have pre-prepared what I wanted to say. This was prevalent in our first group meeting where we had to come up with ideas of what we could do for our project this semester. It was in this meeting that I held back from discussion and merely absorbed what others had to say. However, at the end of the meeting and after we learnt about brainstorming in class we all went away and formulated as many ideas as we could think of for potential events we could host. The following week when we re-gathered to express our ideas, I stole the thunder as I was well-prepared and had multiple proposals that could be used. It was during this meeting that our first concept (hosting a fair) was agreed upon and it so happened to be my idea that received the thumbs up/consensus from the rest of the group. After learning about Belbin’s team roles and completing the questionnaire, we as a group discovered a lot about one another. When comparing our results we discovered that we all seemed to fall under differing categories regarding our personality in terms of work ethic, organizational skills and how we could all contribute to the project. In saying so I was able to identify certain characteristics and traits from each group member, allowing me to assign them to a role within the company. My results are as follows: James Severance (CEO): Team Coordinator and monitor (great leadership skills) Luke Wilson: Shaper (due to his ability to propose various concepts on the same idea allowing us to create the best event within the idea we agree on) Alexey Potpov: Team Worker (he is good at contributing ideas and thoughts from all departments) Sarah Osman: Specialist (Sarah has excellent writing and drafting skills, as such she can specialize in editing and improving the report). Mohammed Almelahi: Team Worker, resource investigator Mark Pond (Myself): Team Worker, Completer/finisher, Implementer After having our idea of the fair being disproved by BUSA due to OHS issues, we were ultimately back at square one in terms of coming up with an idea for our project. After learning further in class about creativity and types of thinking we sat down and tried to implement what we had learnt. We discovered that there are two types of thinking: 1. Vertical thinking involving rational and logical steps resulting in an evaluative decision. The second type being lateral thinking, which is not as creative or logical and often results in distracted group members where their mind is everywhere but the task on hand. The second type of thinking was obvious when we sat down using the Delphi technique and tried to come up with a new idea that would be less prone to rejection. As such Luke, Alexey and myself were easily distracted and started discussing what we were going to do that night instead of trying to brain storm new ideas for the group. However, once we went away from one another and tried brainstorming on our own, Luke came up with an excellent idea that is now the forefront focus of our company. The most important element of our group is the way that no-one solely dominates group discussions. James our CEO does a wonderful job at getting the group focused and initiates conversation but in particular it is excellent the way he will move around the group and get ideas and opinions from everybody on each matter. This type of leadership works particularly well especially since Sarah and Mohammed are the quieter ones in the group. James’s ability to relate to the introverted-ness of some of our members allows for all individuals to speak up and provide their honest input into the decision making process. Due to the enthusiasm and initiative taken by our CEO James Severance, we are able to function as a group without any members being self-limited and overruled due to lack of expertise/knowledge on the subject. Furthermore as we have all proposed various ideas and come to a unanimous agreement on one event, no one has been pressured, undermined or bullied into agreeing to do anything they didn’t feel confident about compared to other groups that have experienced this dilemma. After studying the article ‘When members raise a White flag’ we were able to draw many aspects of how to create and maintain a well-rounded, on the ball, task orientated group. This article/exercise helped us become more accustomed to one another’s presence and allowed us to learn a little bit about each other in terms of teamwork, confidence in each member’s ability to not raise a white flag/give-up and ultimately establish certain goals and objectives we wish to achieve at the conclusion of the event. One of the most important things I have learnt over the past five weeks, is that in order for a team to function to the best of its ability, trust/friendship my first be established. At the start of the semester and after the groups had been chosen by the different CEO’s we found it difficult to connect as a group. This was because we didn’t know one another and the only reason we had to meet was because of the project at hand. However, as the week’s rolled over and we began to communicate outside of class, I felt that team unity was developing, especially between Luke, James and myself where we have started to call each other even when it’s not work related. This out of class friendship has strengthened our work ethic as a team and has increased the communication level between group members. I believe this has provided me with greater confidence to express my ideas and opinions and ultimately speak up a lot more than I did at the start when I was self-limiting myself due to not knowing anyone. After completing the Hofstede exercise on cultural dimensions in class this week, it was interesting to note the cultural differences between our group members. Unfortunately only Mohammed, James and myself were present for this exercise but at least I was able to determine the different quality’s between all three cultures in our group. As James is from USA, their wasn’t much of a difference between our cultures as our countries are very similar in almost every aspect. The biggest difference I discovered was with Mohammed’s cultural background. Mohammed is from Saudi Arabia and as such his country was found to have a relatively high power distance. In most circumstances this will relate to members from that country expressing their own ideas and not being suppressed by others even if they are in an authoritarian position. Most importantly however countries with this high power distance usually analyse and think about an idea before making any rash decisions and diving into the deep end of the pool. The fact that Mohammed simply agreed with everyone’s idea’s and didn’t propose any of his own had me startled as his culture would suggest that he do the exact opposite. Furthermore, anyone who comes from the Middle-East and in particular Saudi Arabia seems to be brought up in a very reserved and conservative society, where they must establish some sort of trust/friendship with someone before conducting business. Perhaps as Mohammed simply agreed with the ideas and didn’t really speak his mind he was intimidated by how quickly we got passed the ‘getting to know one another’ stage and was forced into ‘shy-ness’, thus becoming introverted. To date we have come along way as a group. Together we have overcome hurdles, had our proposal rejected by BUSA, further formulated ideas, built on our friendship’s on an individual level between group members and ultimately have had a great time thus far working as team ‘Fliers for Fires’. I feel that I still have a lot more to learn from/about my group members as they do about me, and I believe once we begin to put our proposal into action we have the commitment and ability to conduct a fantastic event with all proceeds going towards Victoria’s fire victims. [1] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Groupthink

The joint family is large in size. It consists of Essays - Family

The joint family is large in size. It consists of Essays - Family The joint family is large in size. It consists of parents, children, grand children and other near relatives along with women. It is a group in which several basic families live together at one and the same time.In a joint family, the ownership, production and consumption of wealth takes place on a joint basis. Both movable and immovable properly of the family is owned jointly. The joint property is managed by the head of the family, who is known as the Karta. He acts as a trustee and looks after the welfare of all the members of the family. The total earnings of all the family members are pooled together. Family expenses are met out of those earnings.A joint family or undivided family is an extended family arrangement prevalent throughout the Indian subcontinent, particularly in India, consisting of many generations living in the same household, all bound by the common relationship.Historically, for generations India had a prevailing tradition of the joint family system or undivided family. The system is an extended family arrangement prevalent throughout the Indian subcontinent, particularly in India, consisting of many generations living in the same home, all bound by the common relationship.[3] A patrilineal joint family consists of an older man and his wife, his sons and daughters and his grandchildren from his sons and daughters. The family is headed by a senior person called a karta, usually the oldest male, who makes decisions on economic and social matters on behalf of the entire family. The patriarch's wife generally exerts control over the household and minor religious practices and often wields considerable influence in domestic matters. Family income flows into a common pool, from which resources are drawn to meet the needs of all members, which are regulated by the heads of the family.[4] However, with urbanisation and economic development, India has witnessed a break up of traditional joint family into more nuclear-like families, and the traditional joint family in India accounted for a small number of Indian households.[5][6] A Hindu undivided family or HUF is a legal term related to the Hindu Marriage Act. The female members are also given the right of share to the property in the HUF. The term finds reference in the provisions of the Income Tax Act, but the expression is not defined in the act. There are various aspects of Hindu law relevant for the purpose assessment of income[7] and wealth in the status of HUF, as well as the impact of the provisions of Hindu Succession Act 1956 as amended by Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act 2005 relevant for the purpose of assessment of income and wealth in the status of HUF under the Income Tax Act 1961. In the case of Surjit lal Chhabra 101 ITR 776 SC, joint family and undivided family are synonymous: "A joint Hindu family consists of persons lineally descended from a common ancestor and includes their wives and unmarried daughters. The daughter, on marriage, ceases to be a member of her father's family and becomes a member of her husband's family." In 2016, a judgment of the Delhi High Court ruled that the eldest female member of a Hindu Undivided Family can be its "karta" (manager).Different relationships are addressed via different names. The nature of relationship also varies. Relations can be of equivalence, mutual respect or teasing in nature. In joint families in northern and central India between a bride or sister-in-law and her younger brother-in-law, a joking or teasing relationship is common, and the relationship towards an older brother-in-law is that of respectfulness.

Typing Spanish Diacritical Marks on Windows Keyboards

Typing Spanish Diacritical Marks on Windows Keyboards You can type in Spanish on Microsoft Windows machines- complete with accented letters and inverted punctuation- even if youre using a keyboard that shows English characters only. There are essentially three approaches to typing Spanish in Windows. First, use the international keyboard configuration that is part of Windows, best for if you frequently type in Spanish. Alternatively, you can use built in character maps. Finally, you can use some awkward key combinations if you have only the occasional need, if youre at an Internet cafà ©, or if youre borrowing someone elses machine. Tips If you often type in Spanish in Microsoft Windows, you should  install the international keyboard software that is part of Windows and use the right Alt key for the Spanish symbols.If the keyboard software isnt available, you can use the character map app to individually select the letters and special characters you need.The numeric keypad on a full-size keyboard can also be used for Spanish characters using Alt codes. Configuring the International Keyboard Windows XP: From the main Start menu, go to the Control Panel and click on the Regional and Language Options icon. Select the Languages tab and click the Details... button. Under Installed Services click Add... Find the United States-International option and select it. In the pull-down menu, select United States-International as the default language. Click OK to exit the menu system and finalize the installation.Windows Vista: The method is very similar to that for Windows XP. From the Control Panel, select Clock, Language and Region. Under Regional and Language Options, pick Change keyboard or other input method. Select the General tab. Under Installed Services click Add... Find the United States-International option and select it. In the pull-down menu, select United States-International as the default language. Click OK to exit the menu system and finalize the installation.Windows 8 and 8.1: The method is similar to that for earlier versions of Windows. From the Control Panel, sel ect Language. Under Change your language preferences, click on Options to the right of the already installed language, which will probably be English (United States) if youre from the U.S. Under Input method, click on Add an input method. Select United States-International. This will add the international keyboard to a menu located at the lower right of the screen. You can use the mouse to choose between it and the standard English keyboard. You can also switch keyboards by pressing the Windows key and the space bar simultaneously. Windows 10: From the Ask me anything search box in the lower left, type Control (without the quotes) and launch the Control Panel. Under Clock, Language, and Region, select Change input methods. Under Change your language preferences, you will likely see English (United States) as your current option. (If not, adjust the following steps accordingly.) Click on Options to the right of the language name. Click on Add an input method and choose United States-International.  This will add the international keyboard to a menu  located at the lower right of the screen. You can use the mouse to choose between it and the standard English keyboard. You can also switch keyboards by pressing the Windows key and the space bar simultaneously. International Symbols on the Right Alt Key The easier  of the two available ways of using the international keyboard involves pressing the right Alt key (the key labeled Alt or sometimes AltGr on the right side of the keyboard, usually to the right of the space bar) and then another key simultaneously. To add the accents to the vowels, press the right Alt key at the same time as the vowel. For example, to type , press the right Alt key and the A at the same time. If youre capitalizing to make , youll have to press three keys simultaneously- A, right Alt, and shift. The method is the same for the à ±, n with the tilde. Press the right Alt and the n at the same time. To capitalize it, also press the shift key. To type the à ¼, youll need to press right Alt and the Y key. The inverted question mark ( ¿) and inverted exclamation point ( ¡) are done similarly. Press right Alt and the 1 key (which also is used for the exclamation point) for the inverted exclamation point. For the inverted question mark, press right Alt and /, the question mark key, at the same time. The only other special character used in Spanish but not English are the angular quotation marks ( « and  »). To make those, press the right Alt key and either bracket key [ or ] to the right of the P simultaneously. Special Characters Using Sticky Keys The sticky keys method can be used to make accented vowels, too. To make an accented vowel, press , the single-quote key (usually to the right of ; the semicolon), and then release it and type the vowel. To make à ¼, press the shift and quote keys (as if you were making , a double quote) and then, after releasing, type the u. Because of the stickiness of the quote key, when you type a quote mark, initially nothing will appear on your screen until you type the next character. If you type anything other than a vowel (which will show up accented), the quote mark will appear followed by the character you just typed. To type a quote mark, youll need to press the quote key twice. Note that some word processors or other software may not let you use the key combinations of the international keyboard because they are reserved for other uses. Typing Spanish Without Reconfiguring the Keyboard If you have a full-size keyboard, Windows has two ways to type almost any character, as long as it exists in the font you are using. You can type in Spanish this way without having to set up the international software, although both options are cumbersome. If youre using a laptop, you may be limited to the first method below. Character Map: Access character map, access the start menu and type charmap in the search box. Then select the charmap program in the search results. If character map is available in the regular menu system, you can also select it that way. From there, click on the character you want, then click Select, then Copy. Place your cursor in your document by clicking where you wish the character to appear, and then paste the character into your text by pressing CtrlV, or right clicking and selecting Paste from the menu.Numeric Keypad: Windows allows the user to type any available character, including diacritical marks, by holding down one of the Alt keys while typing in a numeric code on the numeric keypad, if one is available. For example, to type the em dash (- ), hold down Alt while typing 0151 on the numeric keypad. Alt codes only work on the numeric keypad, not with the number row above the letters. Character Alt Code 0225 0193 à © 0233 É 0201 à ­ 0237 à  0205 à ± 0241 Ñ 0209 à ³ 0243 Ó 0211 à º 0250 Ú 0218 à ¼ 0252 ÃÅ" 0220  ¿ 0191  ¡ 0161  « 0171  » 0187 - 0151

Why did the New Zealand government offer Warner Brothers incentives to Research Paper

Why did the New Zealand government offer Warner Brothers incentives to film The Hobbit in New Zealand - Research Paper Example The intent was also inclusive of changing the industry and society into a positive atmosphere, specifically with the expectation that the film would grow in popularity. This was combined with the noted changes in statistics of the society, which required alterations to offer more for those who were living in the region. The approach which was taken toward the filming as well as the expected economic stimulation led to the filming being a positive measure for growth in the economy while creating the destination as one that was branded through both landscape and the popularity of the filming. Moving into Economic Growth A main reason why New Zealand allowed Warner Brothers to film â€Å"The Hobbit† in New Zealand was because of the economic growth that was associated with the film. This was specific to the time frame, which is based on a global movement where each location is able to offer a unique element for the globe as a whole. To be a part of this movement is also the need to create a different understanding and highlight of various locations. The belief from the government was that this particular movie would highlight the best aspects of New Zealand, specifically with the nature shots and the elements of fantasy that were attributed to the landscape. This particular concept led to New Zealand opening into the global market and to push into free trade within the economy, specifically because it forced the barriers in the country to be removed. The intent was then partially based on changing global relationships and growth for a different approach to the economy (Gould, 2010). The concept of opening into free trade is one which was specific to the identification of businesses in New Zealand and the current state which they are in. It was believed that the trade unions and the businesses would be positively affected by highlighting the New Zealand territory, specifically because it would bring a sense of trust and popularity to the businesses in the re gion. This was combined with highlighting the advantages of New Zealand. For instance, the region is known as subsidy free in the free trade agreement; however, it has not opened to the global level of commerce in most regions. The highlights of different countries are also creating fair trade which occurs because of what is known as well as where the best deals are within the economy. By showing the main ideologies of New Zealand, those interested in business and other approaches to fair trade were able to investigate into global agreements while recognizing the strengths that were associated with the approach to partnering with a subsidy free region (Weyer, 2005). The approach which was taken with the economy was known to create a high stimulus and to open the free trade agreement to the region. The return was a $363 million amount of cash that went into the economy from tourism, trade with businesses in the region while filming and a high amount of tourism which began to grow aft er the popularity of the film. This was combined with a continuous range of additional economic activity from $119 to $227 million and indirect benefits of $10 million to $34 million. The concept was based on an international competition for the region to be highlighted as a global area for commerce, trade, environment and other concepts that were portrayed in the film. The scheme allowed the film producers to highlight the best of New Zealand, specifically to stimulate the economy and to force in levels of growth by the growing popularity of the region. The figures show that this particular tactic worked to stimulate the New Zealand economy (New Zealand Film Commission, 2011). Social Stimulus The concept of stimulating the economy not only worked

Media economy and society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Media economy and society - Essay Example According to Habermas, during the feudal economic system, matters of concern were handled by the church and the state and private individuals remained dominant. However, industrialisation and transformation of the feudal economy brought about the emergence of bourgeoisies. These individuals were subordinates to the proletariat and ruling class and had no say in running of the government. Enlightenment brought about by availability of cultural products such as newspapers and journals. The public sphere was a regulatory institution against the authority of state and entailed discursive relations rather than market relations associated with an economic system. It thus entailed political participation through medium of talk such as the coffee houses, societies and salons. It was free of class or race divisions, the issues discussed were the common good of all. One may tend to think that since the public sphere entailed discussions by the bourgeoisies, the medial had no role to play. Howe ver, media in form of publications was very crucial in providing information that served as basis for the discussions and consequently political action (Hauser, 1998). ... sk, â€Å"If the media was vital in enhancing public debate, how is it that it replaced the public sphere?† Mediums such as newspapers provided information to bourgeoisies that became subject of debate. However, advancements in the media overturned this rational-critical debate by private individuals. In the 1950s, the TV was the mostly used form of public sphere. The TV is informative to the consumers in regards to most of political and economic issues. However, the TV as a form of public sphere is not interactive; the viewers become consumers of information rather than participants. Moreover, unlike the coffee houses, salons and public assemblies the individuals consume the information in privacy of their homes thus no debate takes place. Besides, the media does not seek the opinions of the views. The privatisation of individual interests has the effect of disintegrating the society. Social gatherings where public opinions are formed and discussed are eroded thus undermining democracy and encouraging the emergence of totalitarian states associated with the capitalist economy (Herbamas, 1989). The media rather than providing information on economic and political issues are used as medium of advertising thus encouraging consumerism and capitalist economies. However, this view is often criticized since there are other forms of media or cultural products that enhance interactions among users hence public sphere is viewed as still in existence. For instance, growth of the internet has led to information explosion and increased interactions between individuals through social networks such as face book and twitter. These allow for participation by individuals in discussion of matters of concern hence contributing to public sphere (Fraser, 1990). For example, during the Arab

Distance education Essay Example for Free

Distance education Essay Distance education dates back to at least as early as 1728 when an advertisement in the Boston Gazette promoted Caleb Phillips, Teacher of the new method of Short Hand, who sought students who wanted to learn through weekly mailed lessons. Similarly, Isaac Pitman taught shorthand in Great Britain via correspondence in the 1840s. Distance education has a long history, but its popularity and use has grown exponentially as more advanced technology has become available. By 2008, online learning programs were available in the United States in 44 states at the K-12 level. Definition Education where teachers and students are separated in both place and time. They communicate at times of their own choosing by exchanging printed or electronic media, or through technology that allows them to communicate in real time or through other online ways. Advantages Distance Education does not require commuting, saving money otherwise spent on travel back and forth to school. Convenience and flexibility. You complete classes at your convenience. Accessibility. Live and study from anywhere while pursuing education of your choice. Online classes address accessibility issues that some people with limited mobility encounter. Self-paced learning. Individualized Instruction. Vast resources readily available through the internet which are relatively inexpensive. Potential. The opportunities for distance education have exploded with the increased use of the internet. Many degrees are available through distance learning including high school, college and post graduate programs. Cost. Distance education is considerably cheaper than attending a traditional college. Key players in Distance Education Students Faculty Facilitators Support staff Administrators Interaction and Technology in Distance Education Interaction is an important component of any learning experience. One of the most important factors relating to distance learning is the element of interaction as its much different of an environment in a traditional classroom than what occurs in distance learning. Learner Content LearnerInstructor LearnerLearner LearnerTechnology Synchronous vs Asynchronous Interaction In distance Education most interaction done Asynchronously; interaction between them is delayed. One good example is a teacher may deliver the video instruction via email and the learner may respond in a later time. Synchronous interaction like in traditional classes where learners and instructors interact real time: you talk I immediately respond. This could be achieved in distance learning as when computer conferences are held at pre-established times via chat technologies. Distance Education Technologies The various technologies used in distance learning can be roughly divided into four categories, However many of these technologies could overlap into more than one category. Print Technology The original form of Distance Education was correspondence courses, in which print material was mailed to students and returned to the teachers through the postal system. The University of London was the first university to offer distance learning degrees through correspondence, establishing its External Programme in 1858. This program is now known as the University of London International Programmes and includes Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Diploma degrees created by colleges such as the London School of Economics, Royal Holloway and Goldsmiths. In the United States William Rainey Harper, first president of the University of Chicago developed the concept of extended education, whereby the research university had satellite colleges of education in the wider community. In 1892 he also encouraged the concept of correspondence school courses to further promote education, an idea that was put into practice by Columbia University Computer Technology Computer based technology includes email, online collaborations and web-based education as a means of delivering distance learning. The widespread use of computers and the internet have made distance learning easier and faster, and today virtual schools and virtual universities deliver full curricula online. In 1996 Jones International University was launched and claims to be the first fully online university accredited by a regional accrediting association in the US. Video Technology Video techniques often used for distance learning include videotapes, satellites, television cables, and computers offer opportunities for behavior modeling, demonstrations and instruction of abstract concept. Audio technology Offer cost effective ways to enhance distance learning courses. It can be as simple as a telephone with voicemail or it can be as complex as an audio conference with microphones and speakers. The very rapid spread of radio in the United States in the 1930s led to proposals to use it for distance education. By 1938, at least 200 city school systems, 25 state boards of education, and many colleges and universities broadcast educational programs for the public schools. One line of thought was to use radio as a master teacher. Experts in given fields broadcast lessons for pupils within the many schoolrooms of the public school system, asking questions, suggesting readings, making assignments, and conducting tests. This mechanizes education and leaves the local teacher only the tasks of preparing for the broadcast and keeping order in the classroom. Research and Distance Education The University of the Philippines Open University (U. P. O. U.) is a public distance learning institution and research university that provides quality higher and continuing education to Filipinos through the distance education system. Melinda dela Pena-Bandalaria (2007) in her article on Impact of ICT’s on open and distance learning in a Developing Country setting: The Philippine Experience, pointed out the distance education in the Philippines has undergone four general stages or generations. It also includes how quality of education is ensured in a technology-driven system of teaching and learning.

Women Essay -- essays papers

Women There are several ways one can look at the status of women in any society. During the last decade at least three approaches, not necessarily mutually exclusive, were discernible. One was to examine the common demographic indicators that give an overall picture of women's relative standing vis-Ã  -vis men. According to the 1981 census, the se ratio stood at 933 females per 1000 males. The literacy rate was 46.89 per cent for males and 24.82 per cent for females. The life expectancy at birth for females was 50 years and for males it was 50.9 years. The average age at marriage for females was 18.32 years and for males it was 23.27 years. The female work participation rate was 13.99 percent and the male work participation rate was 51.62 percent. Figures regarding economic participation rate for women have very little meaning as the definition of a worker has changed from one census to other. (Rehana Ghadially 1988 p.5) As a study by Australian demographer John C. Caldwell powerfull y demonstrates, for both men and women in Ibo traditional society many children have been the surest and stronger source of prestige. In the Ibo society, remaining unmarried is an extreme social divergence. It was considered central to man's nature to beget, and women's to conceive and bear, children. For women, marriage traditionally brought a variety of economic responsibilities and often only one source of both honor and security: their children. According to the Ibo tradition the man had to pay the family of the bride a bride price to secure her marriage. The payment was given in exchange for the economic value of woman to her husband in her labor and her children. Hence, for the husband and wife marriage was as much as anything else an economic compact. (James L. Newman, 1995, p.122) Customs governing division of labor, rights to land and to children varied widely. However, while a woman was married her husband generally held her labor and its fruits firmly within its grasp. In addition, the brides usually went to live with her husband's kin, and she was dependent on this group in which she was a virtual outsider. (Jennifer Seymour Whitaker, 1990, p. 99) Once involved with her new household, an Ibo woman often lived a life quite separate economically from that of her husband, in which the basic unit was herself and her children. She was usually expected to cook... ...king the money to pay tax and to buy useful things as farming tools, wives and sisters were left with more work than before: in gardens, in the fields, in the home. Through all the long social crisis of the Great Depression and the Second World War, women had to bear the heaviest burdens of poverty and oppersion. These burdens, for example, are depicted in Emecheta's Joys of Motherhood. Gross inequalities between men and women have generally prevailed. However, some progress has been made against them, and continues to be made. Girls and young women found new educational opportunities, and adult women have also joined in the drive for education, attending literacy classes and various forms of vocational training, while a wider range of jobs has become available for women in towns. Beyond this, women, too, have begun to join to gether in self defence so as to claim, and sometimes, get a better status in society. Several African countries, by the 1980's, had vigorous organizations for the advancement of women, staffed and run by women, forming their own programs for the benefit of women. None of this had been possible during colonial times. ( Basil Davidson, 1994, p.186-191)

Adventures Assignment 1

The American University in Cairo School of Business Department of Management MOIS 508 DR. Sami Akabawy Spring 2012 Assignment #1 (Chap. 1,2 &3) Hadil Kamel 900-04-0195 Chapter 1: * Why would Carl Williams ask a non-technical manager to assume the CIO position? * For a CIO to be successful, especially at times when IT presents a problem area, he or she has to have more than just solid IT background. The CIO needs to have good management skills; they need to be a fixer.Jim Barton has the required management skills, he is considered as a great manager at IVK; he also had a lot of ideas regarding how IT should be run, and he used to critic Davies, the former CIO, on how to do his job. Therefore, he was a good candidate for this position because the company actually needed a good manager not a good technical. * If you were Jim Barton, would you take the job? * Yes, I would take the job. It is definitely a great challenge for someone with no IT background to become the CIO; however, a good manager should be able to run the business without having the deep knowledge of the matter.I would get the required background through research and learning. * What do the IVK Corporation exhibits tell you about the current state of the company? Given this information, what does IVK need from a new management team under CEO Carl Williams? * IVK statements show that the company has grown recently; however, it was not well planned and that is showing in the huge increase in the operating expenses. This growth was not done efficiently which lead to the decrease in net income despite the increase in total service revenue. The new management team should focus on making proper planning as well as new strategies that focus on managing the operations and resources efficiently and effectively in order to decrease the operating expense and increase the net income. Chapter 2: * How do you interpret the kid’s advice, â€Å"You’ve got to know what you don’t know†? * I think what the phrase means is that in order to become a good leader, you have to know your capabilities and your deficiencies and to be honest with yourself, especially when embarking on a new job you have to position yourself correctly and to give good impression to your employees.You have to know what is it that you lack and either try to learn about it or search for ways that your team could cover for the capabilities that you lack. The kid mainly meant that you can’t over-estimate yourself and like some managers do assume that you know everything about the matter, but rather admit your lack of knowledge in some areas and work on it. * How do you think Davies got fired? How likely it is that Barton will be fired within the year? * I think Davies didn’t have a strong connection with the CEO and his business peers, which lead to a communication problem between the management team and the IT department.I think he may also lack the business skills and competencies. * I think as a successful manager, Barton will be able to handle his job well. With his good managerial capabilities he will be able to develop good collaboration between the technologists and the management team; as well as enhancing and maintaining relationships with other business leaders. * What kind of questions should Barton be asking of CIOs, analysts, investors, customers and other IT movers and shakers? How should he prioritize and organize these meetings? For the CIOs: His questions should be focusing on the nature of the job, the key roles of CIO and the depth of technical knowledge required. * For the analysts: His questions should be on the IT impact on a company’s development. * For the investors and customers: His questions should be about their views on the service the company provides and how to improve it. * I think he should first meet with the CIOs to be able to understand his role and responsibilities, then with the analysts, then the investors and custome rs. Chapter 3: Do you think IT management is different from management of other functions? * Yes I think IT management differs from other functions because in It technology moves fast, and you can’t keep up with the fast growing technology that everyday something new is coming up and you always have to be up to dated. Although IT managers were experts in their fields and knew the details about it, new technology comes along and the technical workers are the one who know the details about it and become experts in it to a level that their managers can’t reach.On the other hand, in other functions, the manager can do the job of anyone in his department as well as any of his employees. * What did Barton learn from his trip to the bookstore and late night of studying? * After his trip to the bookstore and late night of studying, Barton realized he can’t get to know in depth everything; it is too much to grasp. * What depth of IT understanding must a CIO leader have t o be effective? * The CIO must have enough IT understanding that would give a general background on the matter to be able to assign who knows and does what in his team. Adventures Assignment 1 The American University in Cairo School of Business Department of Management MOIS 508 DR. Sami Akabawy Spring 2012 Assignment #1 (Chap. 1,2 &3) Hadil Kamel 900-04-0195 Chapter 1: * Why would Carl Williams ask a non-technical manager to assume the CIO position? * For a CIO to be successful, especially at times when IT presents a problem area, he or she has to have more than just solid IT background. The CIO needs to have good management skills; they need to be a fixer.Jim Barton has the required management skills, he is considered as a great manager at IVK; he also had a lot of ideas regarding how IT should be run, and he used to critic Davies, the former CIO, on how to do his job. Therefore, he was a good candidate for this position because the company actually needed a good manager not a good technical. * If you were Jim Barton, would you take the job? * Yes, I would take the job. It is definitely a great challenge for someone with no IT background to become the CIO; however, a good manager should be able to run the business without having the deep knowledge of the matter.I would get the required background through research and learning. * What do the IVK Corporation exhibits tell you about the current state of the company? Given this information, what does IVK need from a new management team under CEO Carl Williams? * IVK statements show that the company has grown recently; however, it was not well planned and that is showing in the huge increase in the operating expenses. This growth was not done efficiently which lead to the decrease in net income despite the increase in total service revenue. The new management team should focus on making proper planning as well as new strategies that focus on managing the operations and resources efficiently and effectively in order to decrease the operating expense and increase the net income. Chapter 2: * How do you interpret the kid’s advice, â€Å"You’ve got to know what you don’t know†? * I think what the phrase means is that in order to become a good leader, you have to know your capabilities and your deficiencies and to be honest with yourself, especially when embarking on a new job you have to position yourself correctly and to give good impression to your employees.You have to know what is it that you lack and either try to learn about it or search for ways that your team could cover for the capabilities that you lack. The kid mainly meant that you can’t over-estimate yourself and like some managers do assume that you know everything about the matter, but rather admit your lack of knowledge in some areas and work on it. * How do you think Davies got fired? How likely it is that Barton will be fired within the year? * I think Davies didn’t have a strong connection with the CEO and his business peers, which lead to a communication problem between the management team and the IT department.I think he may also lack the business skills and competencies. * I think as a successful manager, Barton will be able to handle his job well. With his good managerial capabilities he will be able to develop good collaboration between the technologists and the management team; as well as enhancing and maintaining relationships with other business leaders. * What kind of questions should Barton be asking of CIOs, analysts, investors, customers and other IT movers and shakers? How should he prioritize and organize these meetings? For the CIOs: His questions should be focusing on the nature of the job, the key roles of CIO and the depth of technical knowledge required. * For the analysts: His questions should be on the IT impact on a company’s development. * For the investors and customers: His questions should be about their views on the service the company provides and how to improve it. * I think he should first meet with the CIOs to be able to understand his role and responsibilities, then with the analysts, then the investors and custome rs. Chapter 3: Do you think IT management is different from management of other functions? * Yes I think IT management differs from other functions because in It technology moves fast, and you can’t keep up with the fast growing technology that everyday something new is coming up and you always have to be up to dated. Although IT managers were experts in their fields and knew the details about it, new technology comes along and the technical workers are the one who know the details about it and become experts in it to a level that their managers can’t reach.On the other hand, in other functions, the manager can do the job of anyone in his department as well as any of his employees. * What did Barton learn from his trip to the bookstore and late night of studying? * After his trip to the bookstore and late night of studying, Barton realized he can’t get to know in depth everything; it is too much to grasp. * What depth of IT understanding must a CIO leader have t o be effective? * The CIO must have enough IT understanding that would give a general background on the matter to be able to assign who knows and does what in his team.

Two Poems of Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver

Comparison and Contrast Essay between two Poems of Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver Emily Elizabeth Dickinson, or called Emily Dickinson for short (1830 – 1886) and Mary Oliver (1935), are the two poets who contributed great works of art to American society during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In spite of several characteristics that can be found in both Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver poems, there are undeniably things that distinguish them from one another, although outside both are very famous poets of the poems that they wrote at that time, but actually inside, every poem that they bring the reader has a different meaning and quite deep in reader hearts. For example, as we read the poem â€Å"Alligator Poem† by Mary Oliver poem and the poem â€Å"A Bird Came down the Walk† by Emily Dickinson, we can clearly see that both poets have borrowed the images of the bird to express the deeply of each verse, and to add lively for their poem. This method is called personification, is one of the main methods by which the poet used to write a poem vividly. Although both poets use personification methods in both poems, such as borrowing the images of the bird to write a poem as an example, but actually the use of such methods have different deeply meaning in the two poems. And that is the topic I write this essay, what are the similarities and differences between how they use images of birds to express their verses? How they have been very successful in using the personification methods to write a poem completely and deeply. First of all, about two poets, they are very famous poet and professional in the field of modern poems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, both began writing poetry when they were very young. (Write something about Emily Dickinson Early Life and Career). Mary Oliver, since she started writing about modern poetry, she had a lot of work that very successful and famous all over the world such as House of Light, Winter Hours: Prose, Prose Poems, and Poems, Why I Wake Early,†¦ and and many other works. One of the most famous works is New and Selected Poems – Volumne One, this work brought to her a great success on the modern way of writing poems, it was also the cause of the birth New and Selected Poems – Volume Two. (Write something about Famous Works of Emily Dickinson). In the poem â€Å"Aligator Poem† in â€Å"New and Selected Poems – Volumne One† of Mary Oliver, personification method is a main method that she used the most to write this poem. As you read the whole poem, you can clearly see the bird that she wants to talk about is tanding in the tops of the trees, whistling any warning, crashing toward to her, its tail failing, slashing the grass, its cradle – shaped mouth gaping, then rimming with teeth,†¦ these actions are not the actions of a bird, these are human actions, she used personification to pretend the bird is a person, or a friend, she pretended that she was walking on the street and saw the bird, but she thought that bird is not a normal bird because she could see its eye was trying to tell her something. And of course she couldn't understand bird language, or the bird couldn't tell her what is going on with her in human language. So the only way that the bird could do is action, I do agree that human cannot understand the birds language, but I do surely agree that human can understand the bird action. Then finally she did understand what the bird was trying to tell her, she understood that something is really bad will happen to her in the future. And yes, she fell, but thanks to the bird's warning, she leaped aside and fell, that is why she did not die. Then in the end, she said that this is not a poem about foolishness, but about how she rose from the ground and saw the world as if for the second time which means she is not a person accepts to failure, she will face it and will continue to stand up every time she falls. In other words, all those things above, including her imagination of a bird is a human, are a method to help she continue to stand up each failure, and see the world again. On the other hand, in the poem â€Å"A Bird Came down the Walk† of Emily Dickinson, personification method is also one of the methods that Emily Dickinson used the most to write this poem like I said above in the instruction and in the poem â€Å"Aligator Poem†, this is also the similarity of the two poems, borrowing the images of bird to express their poems. She describes the simple experience of watching a bird came down the walk, but particularly is the bird didn't aware that it was being watched by the poet. The poet depicts the bird and its actions throughout the whole poem such as hopped sidewise to the wall to let a beetle pass, glanced with rapid eyes, stirred his velvet head, unrolled his feathers, rowed him softer home,†¦ these actions provides the readers with vivid imagery when they read the poetry because Emily Dickinson was very meticulous to describe the bird's actions as the actions of human. The poem makes the reader feel and experience very slowly the simple aspects of nature but very beautiful. She creates the mood of the poem in the sequence of very simple activities of he bird but bring more excitement to the reader. The first three stanzas describe very reasonable to replace the sequence of operations of a bird that could occur in the order when watching many kinds of bird. The last two stanzas describe a very natural act of a bird when she provided a crumb. The poem is divided into two parts, the first three stanzas are the first part to describe the mood and tone of the poem by listing the activities of the bird and the rest of the poetry is the second part describes the effect of human interaction on the bird. In the final stanza, a method that Emily Dickinson was used to write this poem is metaphor method; this is a difference between the two poems of Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver, comparing the bird’s smoothness in flight to oars splitting the ocean and butterflies leaping from banks. She used metaphor method to compare the bird’s smoothness in flight to oars splitting the ocean and butterflies leaping from banks. After all, the main goal of this poem is to show the simplistic beauty of nature through words, but this scene will be lost forever if people continue to destroy the nature such as the effect of human interaction on the bird as an example in this poem. To sum of, the big difference between the two poems is the meaning of borrowing the images of birds to tell the unbeaten in the poem â€Å"Poem Aligator† and to describe the beauty of nature in the poem â€Å"A Bird Came down the Walk†. In conclusion, reading the poems of the two great poets Emily Dickinson and Mary Oliver is one of the best ways to learn and study knowledge although both poets have similar ideas and different ways to bring knowledge to the reader through words, as long as a person or a student willing to work hard and improve, he/she will be able to analyze things in life, to know how to overcome their own difficulties.

Corporate Ethics, a Business Asset

Corporate Ethics, a Business Asset 1.Corporate Ethics, a Business AssetEthics in the corporate world is a key concept that has gained importance, more so in the recent years, possibly due to the very publicized and prominent scandals of 2002 concerning Enron, Aurther Anderson, and snowballed effect to another scandal of WorldCom.It created more awareness among the stakeholders which is making ethics harder and harder to ignore. The noise on Ethics in the corporate world has gained a key place not only due to the Bad guys, also due to Good guys, one such company who has been at the top of the list on the fortune 500 is GE. Other companies being Starbucks, Johnson and Johnson, Southwest2. Ethics:2.1 What is Ethics? ;-A system of moral principles or values-Rules or standards governing the conduct of members of a profession-A matter of developing good habits-Standards of conductOrOne of those things that we conveniently forget when faced with tough choices!!2.2ConceptsCorporation Street, Birmingham - Temple Pointof Ethics :Very Briefly:Relativism: believes in morality being relative. Under the descriptive doctrine it claims that different cultures have different moral values, under the normative doctrine it claims each culture is right in itself.Egoism: under the normative doctrine, believes one ought to act in maximizing benefit for ones self.Utilitarianism: is about good consequences, looks for maximum benefit. Ends justify the means. Corporations can sometimes end up looking at the bottom-line a little too closely being morally bound to the shareholders and use means which could prove to be disastrousDeontologism: believes that the right action is independent of consequences. Actions which are duty bound, keeping aside personal gain.Moral=YesImmoral=NoBuilds security, trust. E.g. corporation values, code of business ethics, Corporate Social responsibility, corporate citizenship.3. Corporate Ethics:A system of morals and values applied in the business world providing guidelines of acceptable behavi or stated by the organizations...

Atlanta Home

Atlanta Home Loan Case 1. )Types of controls Al Fiorni used: Action Controls: -By not letting Wilbur sign the checks he administered an administrative constraint on him. This allowed for Al to approve the outflow of cash from his company. -Al was smart to forward the corporate mail to California because it allowed him to have an idea of the overhead expenses the company was incurring. -Although Al was not monitoring the day to day operations of the company he monitored tracked the employee head count, number of leads, credit inquiries, loan applications funded expenses and bank activity. By monitoring these actions Al can hold employees accountable for desired actions or undesired actions. 2) What went wrong? A lot went wrong. Even the controls that Al implemented above he left loopholes which weakened them significantly. Even though he would not let Wilbur sign the checks he left four unsigned checks with Letitia which in turn defeated the purpose of him not allowing Wilbur to sign the checks. In this case, he did use the right action control but he failed to implement it properly. When Al monitored the day to day operations of the company from afar he was doing the right thing but he also did not implement it efficiently. Al should have communicated to all the employees how he was monitoring their actions. Not only to catch wrongdoings but also to reward the employees for exceptional work. This would have prevented undesirable actions if employees would know that they would be held accountable for their actions. This would have also spurred good behavior if they knew there was a reward for such behavior. Al Fiorni did not properly set up personal and cultural controls. I believe his biggest mistake was not preparing his company for his departure in a timely manner. Because he was in such a rush to get to California he was not able to ensure the personal control of employee selection and placement. Al should have devoted a considerable amount of time to finding the right person to do the job and give them the necessary resources and training to be successful.

Specialized Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Specialized Investment - Essay Example vidual with the opportunity to focus his money in the desired industry or sector, and spread his investments in the various companies in that industry or sector. The diversification of investments allows investors to reduce the risk of their respective investments. Another important advantage of mutual funds is liquidity. One can redeem mutual fund shares on any day at the funds net asset value per share. Another benefit is that an investor would not pay any commissions or other fees upon redemption of the mutual fund. It is only when an investor owns certain classes of shares that he may be required to pay a deferred sales charge if the shares were not held for a specified period of time. As a way to reduce the negative effects of short-term trading in mutual fund shares, mutual funds have implemented redemption fees if shares are held for less than a specified period of time. The deferred sales charges and redemption fees increase the cost associated with redemptions. (Braham, 2007) Mutual funds enable investors to avail of the services of a professional asset management. A mutual fund is managed by a professional manager, who initiates and leads investment decisions on behalf of the fund. The portfolio manager is assisted by competent analysts who conduct research on market conditions, industries and individual companies. Small investors would not be able to avail of the services of a professional fund manager outside of a mutual fund. A mutual fund is easy to manage as investors are continually purchasing and redeeming shares of the fund. Mutual funds offer intra-day pricing which helps investors get a good price for their shares at the end of the day. Before investing in a mutual fund, there are several caveats one must observe. First, determine how the fund impacts one’s tax bill.The law requires a mutual fund to make a capital gains distribution to shareholders if it sells a security for a profit that cant be offset by a loss. If one gets a capital

Roots of Constructivist Education Traced to Piagetian Theories Coursework

Roots of Constructivist Education Traced to Piagetian Theories - Coursework Example This project declares that the field of Education has much to be thankful for and that includes Jean Piaget. He has come up with complex theories that he was able to dissect for educators to understand and apply to their learners. His theories have great implications in curriculum design and understanding how children learn best. His work with Vygotsky in formulating the foundations of constructivism is now benefitting thousands of classrooms all over the world. It has been successful in gaining respect for children’s learning. A child learns best when he finds enjoyment in what he is doing, thus learning should be fun. This essay makes a conclusion that Piaget was someone who thought ahead of his time and present-day educators and learners are enjoying the fruits of his labor. His theories have opened a variety of alternatives in educational strategies. The effective teacher can discern which learning strategy would be most appropriate on a case-to-case basis. Imbedded in her are hidden agendas for making her students reach their optimum learning potentials and in effect, the development of a healthy self-esteem. She is aware that she is just an instrument in assisting the students to gain knowledge, and not the source of knowledge herself. She is on hand to ignite the spark of interest and motivation of her students. It is now up to the students themselves to turn that spark into a burning flame that would keep them fired up for more learning.

Rail car brake caliper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rail car brake caliper - Assignment Example Non-Ferrous metals are costly. Yield strength refers to the minimum tension that yields plastic deformations (Somaiya, Wieffering & Blaine, 2008). Tensile strength refers to minimum stress essential for the failure of the material. Fracture resistance is significant in measuring strain degree. Describes the resistance of a material to fracture and is measured using the aggregate energy contained in the material (Somaiya, Wieffering & Blaine, 2008). In the design of the brake caliper, toughness is important since strong materials absorb more energy compared to fragile ones. Tension tests include; static tension tests, which define the infringement point of the material and compression tests that determine the material’s reaction to crushing (Somaiya, Wieffering & Blaine, 2008). In general, tensile testing determines the strength and amount of stretch in the material. The failure point is the ultimate strength. Torsion test measures the relationship between stress-strain of a material. Hardness tests, which include Brinell hardness test, which uses a steel ball with enormous force. The applied weight for harder materials like iron and steel is about 3000kg while that of softer materials like aluminium alloys and copper is about 500kg (Somaiya, Wieffering & Blaine, 2008).Vickers hardness test is obtained by dividing force by the external area. Rockwell hardness test measures the penetration depth in the material to determine the hardness. Scratch test involves scratching harder materials to rank their hardness. Harder materials scratch the softer ones. Mohs hardness scale is applicable. Rebound test utilizes changes in potential energy to determine the hardness. Indentation tests utilize the impression of force on the material to test for hardness. Aluminum oxides make calipers abrasives that boost friction because of its low density. Steel filler recommended

Examination Of The Motifs In Till Eulenspiegel Music Essay

Examination Of The Motifs In Till Eulenspiegel Music Essay After an unsuccessful premiere of the opera Guntram in 1894, Strauss was consistently looking for new material for an opera. It appears he became more concrete about plans for an opera after finding the Eulenspiegel material from the chapbook Ein kurtzweilig lesen von Dyl Ulenspiegel [an amusing reading of Dyl Ulenspiegel] from 1515. The opera libretto for Till Eulenspiegel remained only a sketch, but the symphonic poem became a triumph. Franz Wà ¼llner conducted the premiere in November 1895. He asked Strauss for a few programmatic explanations, but the composer restricted himself to enunciating the two Eulenspiegel themes at the beginning. Further, he said that it would be impossible to produce a programme for Eulenspiegel. So this time we will leave the audience to crack the nuts themselves the rogue hands out to them. 615. Up that ladder. See him hang, he is running out of breath, one last convulsion. Till, the mortal, is no longer In my work I have decided to focus on Till Eulenspiegel ´s melodic motifs and their interpretations presented by Mathias Hansen, Thomas Armstrong and Michael Kennedy (see bibliographical references at the end). I have compared and examined them in reference to points on which they agree or disagree and I have integrated my own ideas by implying text to the score. In the first few bars we can find disagreement between the different observations. Mathias Hansen writes that the six introductory bars do not play a role until the epilogue in bar 633. It is true that this introduction does not take over the function of a ritornello in the sense of a Rondeau, but I disagree with the claim that this once upon a time theme has a separate status in the story. The opening phrase is in a folk-lore character taking as back to the times when Till was a historical figure. The first half of Tills theme, starting in bar six, is hesitant, however the second, identical entry is confident and self-assured, as if Till was checking the scene before appearing. Das war ein arger Kobolt wrote Strauss himself under this phrase (He was a wicked Goblin) and the above musical example portrays Till according to Strauss description. Thomas Armstrong notices that prologue is based on the second Till theme in bar 46/47: By writing this theme in its simplest form, we can easily detect that the prologue is a conclusion of it: Hansen also notices the Till-chord, which is the dominant chord in bar 47/48 (related to C and leading to the F home key); further on, he shows the relationship between this chord and the Tristan-chord: written in another tone or interval position, the harmony of the Till-chord corresponds with the one from the Tristan-chord. Strauss: Till EulenspiegeWagner: Tristan und Isolde The section between bars 51 -111 Strauss uses for exposition of the Till themes. One interesting thing is noticed by Armstrong, who shows the appearance of the wicked goblin theme in bar 53, starting with the clarinet and continuing with the first violins, further developments takes place in bassoon and lower strings part. Hansen also refers to these theme in his observation on bar 63 (et sqq) where a compressing through a massive overlapping of the first part of the wicked goblin theme takes place. Hansen writes that the passage from bar 46 et sqq. is dominated by one motif Regardless of its meaning, it [material compression] tries to integrate approximately every note in the context relating to motifs. Such complexity, that tries to dissolve the contrast of primary and secondary material, of foreground and background of a piece, is emerging emphatically in Strausss way of composing Till  [1]  . Hansens dissolving of foreground and background material might be suitable for the passage he is describing; however, if we think of Strausss Don Quixote, which was written two years after Till, we can find a quite clear separation of primary and secondary material. Strauss even assigned the characters of the piece to instruments: there is Don Quixote, who is represented by the solo cello and his squire Sancho Panza, who is described by the solo viola and the bass clarinet. In Till Eulenspiegel the whole passage from bar 46 to bar 134 includes figures that imply use of verbal text; this musical narration finds the words and their meaning in the actual notation of the music; e.g.: Bar. 71 et sqq.: Till is ready for his first prank Bar. 81-85: But when? But where? Bar. 98 et sqq.: Tills zest for action Bar. 105-109: Till is thinking of a crude prank Bar. 111 133: Just you wait you bootlicker! War ten mal! (just you wait) This is when the first true episode takes place. Clarinets rush upwards, cymbal clashes and Till mounts a horse andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦jumps! (137et sqq.) Riding roughshod through the market square as the beginning is presented in the string section: Strauss noted down in the score Away in seven-league-boots for bar 151 and 152 notes that depict that theme are assigned to the flutes, the oboes and the clarinets and refer these two bars to the first part of the wicked goblin theme. There is a pause in bar 154 when Till hides himself in a mouse-hole and carefully puts out his head. Armstrong explains the pause in bar 154 with the words: Till seems to be lost. I would rather say that the break has the character of Phew that was a near thing! Starting from bar 157 until 169 Till is again in the heart of a new adventure. Strausss note on that passage: He emerges in disguise as a priest, oozing unction and morality lets us expect a musical caricature. On the contrary, whatever the clarinet, the bassoon and the violas play in a folksong-way of simplicity it has nothing to do with open mockery or cautious irony. The repeated inclusion of the first part of the wicked goblin theme does not radiate the effect of a caricature. With his note The knave peeps out of [his disguise] at the big toe, Strauss must have meant the figure in bar 191: It is when D clarinet presents Tills second theme revealing who is under preacher disguise! The chromatic runs of the horn, trumpets and violins (bars 196 198) show how dangerous Tills practice of mocking religion is at that moment. 9 bars later a glissando in solo violin opens another adventure: Bar. 209 et sqq.: Till the cavalier, exchanging sweet courtesies with beautiful girls Tills horn theme is presented in a romantic way Till felt in love with one of the girls and the music is coated with harmonically richer material. When Till is mistreated by the girl, his themes stomp through the orchestra until the four horns seem to be shaking their fist at the world and this is when in bar. 287 288: He [Till] vows he will take revenge on all mankind The most promoted part of the tone poem starts here (bar 293 et sqq.). Strauss brings the rhythmical energy of the motifs into play. Till is amongst the Philistines whose motif is played by bass clarinet and four bassoons (bar 293 299). Tills horn motif is now played by strings as if Till was asking the pedagogues his questions; this is how Strauss puts it: After he has posed a couple of atrocious theses to the philistines, he leaves them to their fate dumbfounded. The music of this section portrays pointlessness of pedagogues calculations; They have been cornered by Till and left puzzled. Concerning the Philistines, a series of variations develops, in which the formative force is in the rhythmical richness of creation, some of them are composed as canonical variations: In the following passage Strauss tries to create a deceptive silence after the council of the Philistines decided to end Tills days. Till is waiting cautiously for revenge, he takes advantage of this situation and does more and more mischief, rather than trying to become an ordinary citizen. The first Till theme sounds again, Till reappears first in first horn in F in bar 429, then in bar 436 horn in D presents Tills theme enriching the tonality. Starting in bar 429 (et sqq) Till appears again for new pranks and these know no bounds anymore. Consumed by disappointments, he does not appear as a harmless humorist, but as a revengeful human being in a fools costume. It gives a feeling of wildness and in this broadening atmosphere Strauss develops an intensity and complexity of motives combinatory that is difficult to beat. Armstrongs description is also in this direction: The music is keyed up to a higher pitch of excitement than ever. Tills last stretch of development, some 140 bars in length, shows Strausss music in full and unhesitating flight.  [2]   Trying to describe this long passage, I would put the following words: Bar 410 to 429: There is a deceptive silence From bar 486: Till is very successful From bar 546 Till gets up to more and more mischief, he becomes more high-spirited, livelierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and even daredevil (bar 555 et sqq.) He feels like the lord of the world, even a god! (Bar 567 et sqq.) Fanfares in trumpets and horns: Straus puts an extra emphasis on this passage by expanding the brass section by three trumpets and an optional second quartet of horns. The boldness and arrogance of Tills behaviour is growing. He gets arrested and faces judges accusations (bars 573 581) accompanied by violent side-drum roll that lasts for fifteen bars. Till wants to keep his nonchalant attitude but starts to realize he has gone too far. The biggest penalty is given pictured in music by second Tills theme instrument D clarinet playing upward notes falling into major seventh chord (bars 615 616), when Till is going up the ladder to be hanged. This is when D clarinet reaches its highest A flat, holding it awhile and starts to move down, accompanied by the flute-trill (bars 619- 620) that describes Till running out of breath. This passage does not only sound like a sharp cry, though, it also portrays the breathlessness of Till. None of the authors specifies the epilogue. Kennedy refers the epilogue to Till himself: A gentle epilogue recalls the works fairy tale opening, as if to remind us, before he scampers away, that Till was not such a bad fellow.  [3]   Armstrong writes similarly: It is Tills characteristic tune with the devil taken out of it, so that it seems almost tender. This epilogue shows the composers insight at its keenest  [4]  . The epilogue recalls and extends Once upon a time version of Tills second theme (bar 632 et sqq). The atmosphere is similar to the one from the opening of the piece with it folk-lore narration and charm. In my opinion, Strauss composed the following content: Once upon a time, there was a foolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦he diedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but through this story, he is still alive. Hansen and Werbeck have differing opinions about the form of Till Eulenspiegel. Hansen describes the form as follows: Basically, there are only two central events, and they are actually a combination of theme and motif those two of the hero, of which Strauss informs Wà ¼llner in his letter  [5]  . Walter Werbeck tries to explain the form more accurately: Strauss composes neither an authentic sonata rondo nor a traditional rondo chain  [6]  . The element of a rondo that is missing is ritornello, but if we see rondo as representation of two themes then we might be dealing with a variant of rondo in Till Eulen spiegel. Walter Werbeck continues: One could easily describe the first part of Till as a free variation form, or, preferably, as a form in which rondo and variation are combined as follows: A (Exposition); Aà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ² (market scene, variation 1); B (sermon scene, episode 1); A à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ² (love scene, variation 2); and C (Philistines, episode 2). Strauss also drew on principles of sonata form. As evidence we might cite especially the emphatic recapitulation of the initial horn theme in bar 429 that opens the second part of the piece.  [7]   Both Hansen and Werbeck divide the piece in the same way into two main parts. Whereas Hansen only tells us approximately where his second part starts, Werbeck gives us the exact bar number (429) of his division. Hansen is content with the division into two central events; Werbeck, however, tries to show that Till is undoubtedly much more than a sonata rondo. The composer combines sonata form, variations and rondo. These forms cannot be seen separately they overlap and penetrate each other to varying degrees. At some points the form of a set of variations dominates, sometimes as sonata or as rondo. Warbecks quotation As Till Eulenspiegel, the protagonist of the tone poem, resists societal norms by mocking them with continuous pranks, so does the composer thwart the expectations of those who want to pin him down to the norms of a rondo  [8]   seems to be especially appropriate here. Trying to fit Till into a rondo form, the following division makes sense: 1. Prologue and Exposition; bar 1-111, the fool is introduced 2. Variation I; bar 112-178, the upsetting of the market place 3. Episode I; bar 179-206, the mockery of the sermon 4. Variation II; bar 207-288, Till in love 5. Episode II; bar 289-409, the confusing of the professors 6. Recapitulation (Variation III); bar 410-594, Till goes on his way 7. Coda (Episode III); bar 595-632, Till is arrested and hung 8. Epilogue; bar 633-658 At this point I would like to summarise the themes of Till Eulenspiegel: The wicked goblin theme and its modifications: BASIC FORM: NARRATIVE: AS A CAPER: HE LIES IN WAITING AT A GALLOP RELIEVED, AT A SAFE PLACE IN LOVE AS AN OATH OF REVENGE IN A CONFIDENT WAY UP THE LADDER FURTHER THEMES: Till Eu len spie gel, till Eu-len-spie gel, Till Eu-len spie-gel NAMING OF TILL NEW PRANKS IN LOVE COURTING AGAINST THE PHILISTINES DECEPTIVE SAFETY MISCHIEVOUS Richard Strausss Till Eulenspiegel appears as a masterpiece in composers career. In this piece Strauss used yet the biggest orchestra with massive woodwind section and optional second horn quartet. It is in some way symbolical that after serious labour on Guntram Strauss composes such a spectacular work inspired only by a folk legend. Richard Strauss himself leads us well and truly to believe in something with his title Nach alter Schelmenweise in Rondeauform [after an old rascal manner in rondo form]. Whoever thinks that Strauss came to a compromise with the traditional form will notice quickly that any pattern is avoided. It is not the form of the rondo with the methodical; umpteen times reprise of the theme, the unity is reached by the consistent development of the melodical-thematical elements. These elements, which come in the most varying forms, in the bravest disguises and the rhythmical and harmonical transformations, are the two main themes. Strauss uses the specific sound character of an instrument in the score very carefully. This is what gives the whole tone poem the humorous colour. When the notes become alive, everything sounds so simple, natural and unconstrained. Strauss makes high demands on the musical intelligence of the musicians playing his works.