Culturally Resposive Teaching Essay

In this essay I will use the given scenario to analyse and critique the teaching practice it outlines, drawing on the learning theories and themes outlined in the Professional Practice paper to explain and validate my ideas and thinking. I will consider the approaches in the scenario and offer alternatives, justifying my opinions with reference to theory, literature and my own emerging philosophy. Throughout my essay I will give consideration to the use of culturally responsive and inclusive pedagogy, demonstrating an understanding of the role Treaty of Waitangi within this practice. Throughout the scenario the theory of behaviourism is reflected in the teachers practice. Behaviourism sees learning as the establishing of connections between two events, and theorists view environmental factors as influential to behaviour. This sort of associative learning is called classical conditioning (Papalia, Olds & Feldman, 2009). This theory is reflected in the teacher’s classroom management practice when the students all move outside to begin their day with a jump-jam session immediately after the bell rings, with no verbal instruction given by the teacher. It is also evident when they move back into class and sit and wait for the teacher, again with no verbal instruction issued. Another example of behaviourism theory is shown when the teacher uses reinforcement and punishment, known, as operant conditioning when she comments on Mark and Cathy’s jump jam prowess as a form of motivation. Behaviourism theory is also evident when the teacher is issuing instructions and displaying the timetable on the whiteboard as the directions are teacher lead. Within the realms of classroom management the strengths of behaviourism are obvious; the children know the sequence of events and can move from one activity to the next with little disruption and classroom management is, as described by Wong, Wong, Rogers & Brooks (2012), ‘a set of procedures that structure the classroom so the students know what to do, how to do it, and when to do it†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (p. 61). This could, I believe be disconcerting for new or diverse students and to act in a more culturally responsive manner I would advocate a pictorial display to aid understanding (Davis, 2012). I feel whilst using the reward/punishment technique during the jump jam may have motivated Cathy, who received positive reinforcement, the negative comments issued by the teacher certainly demotivated Mark. This criticism clearly affect Mark’s self-efficacy and as a result his motivation was lessened (Le Francois, 2000). I would have been inclined to direct my motivational techniques towards the class as a whole and perhaps let Mark and Cathy motivate the class by allowing them to take joint responsibility for the running of the ‘Jump Jam’ programme for that day (Hill & Hawke, 2000), using the constructivism theory, this, I believe would have been more motivating as the learner is actually involved in the learning process. I also believe the teacher missed an opportunity to incorporate the MÄ ori learning theory of Ako, reciprocal learning. Instead of leading the ‘Jump Jam’ herself she could have facilitated this by allowing Cathy and Mark to lead the session (Bishop, 2008). The humanist approach to learning is also evident in many areas of the teachers practice presented in the scenario. The Humanist approach to learning focuses on the child’s whole self, looking after the social and emotional needs of the learner as well as their cognitive abilities. For example children’s basic needs of safety, shelter, food, love and respect must be met before their academic needs can be addressed (Krause, et al, 2012). During the scenario the teacher is chatting to the students before school, in doing this she is showing she is interested in them as people thus creating a supportive relationship between herself and her learners. This relationship, the humanist theory suggests, will motivate her students and is ‘the key to effective education’ (Krause, et al, 2012, p. 233). Within the theme of classroom management the humanist theory is applied as the teacher allows the students to discuss the roles and responsibilities and the tasks that w ill need to be outlined to make camp go smoothly. She is inviting the students to be part of the process and taking a non-directive role, listening to the students’ ideas and involving them in the learning process, and in turn boosting their self-esteem. I believe that the teacher applied the humanist theory to her classroom management skills when she used the rhetorical question to redirect Clark. However, in my opinion this would have been an ideal opportunity to allow the MÄ ori boys to have a voice and encourage them to share their knowledge and learning style with the class, regarding the cooking of eels, showing respect for their culture (Le Francois, 2000). She would also have shown cultural responsiveness and demonstrated her understanding of the Treaty principle of partnerships as outlined by the Ministry of Education (2012). In critique, I also feel that the teacher could have used the humanist approach in her classroom management skills to ensure that the Somali girls have a better understanding of what a recreat ional camp entails. The girls emotional needs have not been met as they clearly have no understanding of what a New Zealand school camp is like thus are frightened and unsure so they are not engaged in the pre-camp tasks (Le Francois, 2000). Personally, I would have made sure I knew about the girls backgrounds before they came to school. This would have enabled me to develop a supportive relationship, perhaps giving the girls the confidence to approach me with their concerns and allowed me to alleviate their fears concerning camp. The social constructivist learning theory is defined as being learner centred with the learner actively involved in the process and underpinned by social interaction. Different learners will learn in different ways to suit their individual needs. Language is also an important aspect of this theory, as it is through language that the learner will construct their new ideas (Krause et al., 2000). In the scenario the teacher uses the social constructivist approach to classroom management when she invites the children to brainstorm the safety rules for the cookout. In allowing them to co-construct the rules by discussion and social interaction she is actively encouraging the use of a collaborative approach. In using this approach the teacher is allowing the students to ‘brainstorm for prior knowledge’ (Cobb, Forbes & Lee, 2012). This theory is also evident in the teacher’s instructions for the camp diaries as she allows the students time to reflect on what they would like to include in their journals and also how they would like to present them. In encouraging the use of pictures and diagrams she has allowed those who may not be able to contribute by writing an opportunity to contribute. This is an example of ‘learning for all’ (Barker, 2008) and is facilitated by the teacher in incorporating the diverse learning styles of her students (p. 31). This approach shows that she has an understanding of the participation principle outlined in the Treaty of Waitangi, which states that all students be given equal opportunity to contribute (M.O.E, 2012). Social constructivism is also apparent during pair and group activities where the students are participating in peer assisted learning and assessment when testing each other on their vocabulary. The teacher further applies this theory when she collaborates with the students by calling them to her desk and scaffolding their learning. This approach gives students self-governance over their learning and can be beneficial as it allows students to choose a style that suits their particular needs. However, in the scenario it was apparent that some students were off task and I feel that the students may have benefited from a more humanist approach to classroom management and would have moved around the classroom and offered help and looking to scaffold students where necessary. Cultural responsiveness is evident at various points throughout the scenario and the teacher demonstrates this when she attempts to include all cultural groups in the camp concert. I would critique this by pointing out that, although this may show she is culturally aware, it does not imply that she has any cultural understanding as the Somali girls are ill informed about the concept of ‘camp’ and can only draw on their own experience of what a camp means to them. When the Somali girls displayed concern for what camp meant a suggestion would be for the teacher to facilitate sharing of prior knowledge and understandings early on in the lesson. This would have potentially allowed for the Somali girls fears and concerns to be alleviated , thus addressing their emotional needs and allowing them to move on with their learning. Doing so would have aligned with a humanistic approach by considering their interconnected needs as a whole person. Cultural responsive pedagogy also requires the teacher to reflect on their practice (Gay, 2000). This practice is observed when the teacher contemplates ringing the Somali girls’ parents to offer them support and explanations regarding the school camp. If practicing culturally relevant pedagogy the teacher would, Fraser & Paraha (2002) point out ‘take the personal concerns of students seriously and examine social issues with them that were drawn on the students’ cultural positionings†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (p. 57). Furthermore, I believe a behaviourist approach to classroom management when allowing the girls to research on the computer, perhaps giving them some pre viewed websites to explore, may have enabled Aaheli to feel that her culture was valued. The outcome in the scenario could well have made her feel ostracised and even made the other girls become culturally biased. Throughout the scenario reference is made to the ethnicity of groups of students who seem to stay in these cultural groups within the classroom. The teacher doesn’t appear to interact with the Somali girls at all and the MÄ ori boys only receive a negative response when they show enthusiasm for aspects of camp. Although the students can learn cross-cultural understanding from personal experience I would advocate using the social constructivist approach to cultural responsiveness and model good practice to my students by using inclusive and cultural responsive pedagogy inviting the MÄ ori boys to demonstrate their cooking skills and perhaps going a step further than the teacher in the scenario and actively encouraging the parents of the Somali girls to attend camp meetings (Whyte, 2008). The teacher did, however, collaborate with a parent and invited them in to help with the preparation of the camp concert, promoting the concept of Whanaungatanga (M.O.E, 2011). Furthermore, I believe this pedagogy would encompass the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi as outlined by the M.O.E. (2012) as partnership, protection and participation. This essay has used the scenario and analysed and critiqued the teaching practices it outlines by drawing on the learning theories and themes outlined in the professional practice paper using them to validate ideas and thinking. It has considered the approaches in the scenario and offered alternatives, justifying these opinions with reference to theories, literature an emerging philosophy of my own. Throughout the essay I have given consideration to the use of culturally responsive and inclusive pedagogy and demonstrated an understanding of the Treaty of Waitangi. References Barker, M. (2008). How do people learn?: Understanding the learning process. In C. McGee & D. Fraser (Eds.), The professional practice of teaching (3rd ed.) (pp. 17-43). Melbourne, Australia: Cengage. Bishop, R. (2010). A culturally responsive pedagogy of relations. In C. McGee & D. Fraser (Eds.). The professional practice of teaching (3rd ed.) (pp. 154-172). Victoria, Australia: Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd. Cobb, D., Forbes, D., & Lee, P. (2012). Lecture 1: TEPS222-12C (NET) [PowerPoint slides]. Hamilton, New Zealand: University of Waikato. Davis, B., M. (2012). How to teach students who don’t look like you: Culturally responsive teaching strategies (2nd Ed.). California, U.S.A: Corwin. Fraser, D., & Paraha, H. (2002). Curriculum integration as treaty praxis. Waikato Journal of Education, 8, 57-70. Gay, G. (2000) Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research and practice. New York, U.S.A: Teachers College Press. Hill, J., & Hawk, K. (2000, November). Four conceptual clues to motivating students: Learning from practice of effective teachers in low decile, multicultural schools. A paper presented to the NZARE Conference, Waikato, New Zealand. Krause, K., Bochner, S., Duchesne, S., & McMaugh, A. (2010). Educational psychology for learning and teaching (3rd Ed.). Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning Australia Limited. Le Francois, G. (2000). Psychology for teaching (10th Ed.). Calfornia, U.S.A: Wadsworth. Ministry of Education. (2011). TÄ taiako: Cultural competencies for teachers of MÄ ori learners. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Education. Ministry of Education. (2012). The New Zealand curriculum update 16. [Professional practice and inquiry 2: Strategies for effective teaching, course resource]. Hamilton, New Zealand: University of Waikato. Online reference TEPS222-12C (NET). Papalia, D., Olds, S., & Feldman, R. (2009 ). Human Development (11th ed.). New York, U.S.A: McGraw Hill. Whyte, B. (2010). Culturally diverse classrooms and communities. In C. McGee & D. Fraser (Eds.). The professional practice of teaching (3rd ed.) (pp. 173-186). Melbourne, Australia: Cengage. Wong, H., Wong, R., Rogers, K., & Brooks, A. (2012). Managing Your Classroom for Success. Science & Children, 49(9), 60-64.

Daniel X: Demons and Druids

Daniel X: Demons and Druids Over two hundred thirty million copies of the Daniel X series have been sold worldwide. The author James Patterson wrote Daniel X: Demons and Druids in collaboration with Adam Sadler. The publishing date is July 2010. In the book, Daniel X is an alien hunter who is looking for number three on his alien list of outlaws, Phosphorius Beta. â€Å"Think of a million or so angry wolves-on fire, that’s a pretty good approximation of number three†, well that’s how Patterson puts it. The epic battle between alien hunter and fire has begun.I enjoyed Daniel X because of the author’s action and how he weaves myths and fiction into the story, but I disliked Patterson’s writing style and several other points of the book. James Patterson’s novels are known for full on action, and adrenalin. An example of action and adrenalin is when Daniel X is caught by alien number forty-three on the alien list of outlaws; he turns back time an d explodes number forty-three with a bomb. This is pure action because Daniel puts his life on the line to fulfill his mission to kill aliens.Another example of action and adrenalin is when Daniel X and his friends are get caught by vampirus sapiens. In the example of action and adrenalin, the action takes place when he transforms, but the adrenalin kicks in when the vampirus sapien loosened his grip on Daniel X’s hands. James Patterson excels at making abnormal events seem normal or regular. I liked how James Patterson placed Merlin the sorcerer and Arthur Pendragon in the story, and how he made Stonehenge, merely a monument a big part in his story. It is ironic that Patterson weaved Stonehenge, merlin, and druids together.When I think of druids I think of aliens or demons. Stories, Myths, and books say that druids built Stonehenge, but there isn’t any evidence that proves that they did. Druids are actually high priests of the Celts. The only reason why people believe that they built it is because they were alive during that time. Yet legend has it that merlin built Stonehenge. Merlin brought the stones to Salisbury Plain from Ireland. Sometime later there was a massacre of three hundred noble men and a memorial was needed. Merlin then moved Stonehenge to Britain to bury them.However in the book Merlin and his mentor help a group of people build Stonehenge. Even though James Patterson is a genius when it comes to Science fiction he still needs to work on writing his books. Even through James Patterson is a great author, I don’t always enjoy his books. Two things I didn’t like about the book, was that Patterson didn’t introduce well in the beginning and that he made the chapters too small. I expected him to explain Daniel X‘s history in the prologue so that the readers could understand things about his background and understand what he’s been through.Since, Patterson made the chapters in his book so small it real ly takes time to make or figure out what’s going to happen. If Patterson had made the chapters longer he would have had wasted less time trying to make a point, but the only difference would be that the book would be smaller. Patterson introduces Daniel X’s history in chapter nine; all the chapters in the book are small and even the epilogue has a small chapter. I loved the book because of all the action and adrenalin that James Patterson put in it, and the abnormal or irregular events that occurs , but I disliked the introduction and Patterson’s idea of short chapters.I enjoyed Daniel X because of the author’s action and how he weaves myths and fiction into the story, but I disliked Patterson’s writing style and several other points of the book. I’d recommend this book to preteens, I would give this book a three out of five, but if you are not satisfied, there are several other series that James Patterson has made. For example Maximum Ride, Witch and Wizard, Alex Cross and the Women’s murder club, and the rest of the Daniel X series.

5 Tips for Incoming High School Freshmen

Starting high school can be exciting, stressful, and at times, overwhelming. It’s also a time you should be exploring, trying out new opportunities, and making the most of your experiences. Here are five tips for starting off high school on the right foot. Now that you’re older, you have more flexibility as to how you spend your time. Search for groups and activities that align with your interests. Not sure where to start? Try out different clubs at your school. Check out How to Determine Which Clubs to Join: A Guide for Freshmen for ideas. Joining different clubs and trying out activities will allow you to meet new, like-minded people. It will also help you hone your area of specialization , or area that aligns with your interests and talents and path you want to pursue. This can guide your academic and career focus. In a similar vein, freshman year is a great time to try out new things. While every year matters, this year is lower stakes than the other high school years. Even if you’re not sure if you’ll like something, try it out and see. You can always cull your list of activities later. Read A Guide to Extracurricular Activities for Grade 9 for more advice. If you have choices in what courses to take, explore your options in this area as well. For instance, there might be an elective that interests you. Think about getting a job or internship as well; that will give you real-world experience early on. You may have heard that your grades don’t matter this year, but that’s not really true. While it is true that colleges won’t pay as much attention to this year as other years, you should get into the habit of studying and being productive now. That way, you’ll be in good shape later on. For advice on developing good studying and organization habits, read Eight Tips to Use Your Time Efficiently and Stay Organized in High School . Being organized will also help you manage your stress. Consider using planners and calendars to make sure you’re on top of everything you need to do. In this free guide, we'll explain how to set up a solid foundation for the rest of your high school experience. Enter your name and email below to download the guide. It’s not too early to think about college. You don’t need to start filling out applications, of course, but you should be setting goals . Think about the path you need to take to achieve these goals. Set incremental â€Å"sub† checkpoints to help you achieve your larger aspirations. For instance, if you’re hoping to become the editor of your school newspaper, consider the steps you need to take to get there, such as attending meetings, writing killer articles, and bonding with and learning from the current editor and the newspaper’s advisor. Don’t be afraid to ask for advice from parents, teachers, guidance counselor, older students, and even peers. If you feel like you’re getting overwhelmed, it can be helpful to talk to someone for support and guidance. Take some time to get to know your teachers. You’ll probably have more than you did in middle school, and your teachers, in turn, probably have many students. Developing connections with your teachers can be a substantial addition to your support system, since it will give you another resource for academic help. Additionally, when it comes to ask teachers for college recommendations, your teachers will be able to speak to your character, not just the papers you’ve written. It’s also important to develop a relationship with your guidance counselor. Make sure you introduce yourself and check in occasionally , so your guidance counselor really gets to know you. Like your teachers, she can be an excellent source of support and will be able to write about you as a person in your recommendation letter. High school won’t be easy, but try to get the most out of the challenges it brings. Take your time seriously, and create a plan for success. While you’ll face challenges along the way, having a plan, trying out new opportunities, and using your support system will help you manage your time well and prepare yourself for the future. Looking for help navigating the road to college as a high school student? Check out the Mentorship Program . Our mentors drive significant personal and professional development for their high school mentees. Combining mentorship with engaging content, insider strategies, and personalized analyses, our program provides students with the tools to succeed. As students learn from successful older peers, they develop confidence, autonomy, and critical thinking skills to help maximize their chances of success in college, business, and life.

Management Skills and Organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Skills and Organisation - Essay Example But not all persons learn well nor do they learn in the same way. In many cases there are barriers to learning that prevents effective transfer of knowledge, which can be social, economic, technical, or cognitive. This paper is a personal reflection on social barriers to learning. The importance of learning: In the context of this paper, learning is related to management and employment and not to university or school education. Hence education can be of a personal nature or a part of the organization (referred to as organizational learning). Learning on an individual level can be defined as â€Å"an exercise of constructing personal knowledge that requires the learner to be mentally active rather than passive; interpreting rather than recording information† (Maine Higher Education—Glossary 2007). Personally, I have another perception with regard to this topic. For me, learning is a lifelong process which can include both formal and informal approaches. As mentioned earlier, it is not always easy to keep updated because of certain socially constructed barriers. Another factor that signifies the need to learn is the concept of credential inflation which simply means the need for additional credentials in instances of equal qualification (Bills, p. 35). So, when I apply for a job, my architectural qualification alone may not be sufficient. I have to be proficient in communication skills, working in teams, cultural diversity, and any other skills that may be required by an employer. Apart from individual learning, an employee is required to be a part of the organizational learning as well. Argyris and Schon provide a simple concept of organizational learning which they define as â€Å"detection and correction of errors† (Dodgson, 1993, p. 52). Learning, according to them, can be single-looped or double-looped. The mere detection and correction of errors

Written assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Written assignment - Essay Example The information in the video is closely linked to chapter 9 practices shown in age 12. The key information directly related to love, involves service and monetary contributions to the individuals in need. Love entails caring for each other in times of need, and also being concerned about the interest and welfare of our neighbors who are experiencing challenging situations and in need of help. The services provided to needy neighbor include, voluntary medical services, legal advice, and even financial advice services. Monetary assistance can be used to acquire basic necessities like medical supplies for the benefit of deserving cases. Page 10 of chapter 9 also has interesting aspects of love. The goals are aimed at ensuring love through safeguarding the interest of other individuals in the society. Reducing energy use by embracing energy efficiency shows love. This is because it aims at safeguarding the environment for the benefit of both present and future generations. Efficient energy sources are considered green, and thus environmentally

Impact of micro and macro policies on the elderly with dementia Essay

Impact of micro and macro policies on the elderly with dementia - Essay Example For instance, the kind of policies governing the care of children would be very different from those governing adults especially the elderly. Therefore, sensitivity on the handling of these two classes of people is essential to reflect on the absolute care required by them. In this regard, this paper will take a keen look into the micro and macro policies surrounding the provision of quality healthcare in relation to adults with special needs. Moreover, its emphasis will be on the elderly people in the society whose needs appear to be unique as compared to other groups of people. A key eye will be on the elderly especially those with dementia by raising their safeguarding alerts (East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust 7). Lastly, it will also be in contact with the effects of one macro policy through the implementation of the micro level processes. Introduction Dementia is a brain related complication characterized by reduced function on the brain’s responsibilities that may incl ude thinking, speech, behavior, and memory function. Mainly, its experience is due to the occurrence of certain brain diseases that create imparity in the normal brain function. Some of the diseases that this loss of brain functionality associates with are Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease; Alzheimer and in some cases AIDS. ... Additionally, this condition interferes with a person’s routine and daily function, as their brains no longer respond to brain commands. Unfortunately, this condition is irreversible therefore; the individuals affected require high attention and care. Further, the condition it has two categories; either being Alzheimer or Non Alzheimer related. Alzheimer is the leading cause of dementia in people who are in their late stages of life. The policy statement formulated around the vulnerable adults outlined that maintenance of the patients health was at the focus of quality delivery of health care services. Each health providing facility’s dedication was on maintaining the dignity and privacy of their patients. The achievement of this heavily relies on ensuring that no possible avoidable harm comes to them. This macro policy realization was to be through trust committees charged with delivering reasonable accommodation for this special group of people. The most vulnerable in this case would be the elderly affected by dementia. Therefore, this made up the Macro policy regulating the code of practice around the provision of specialized care for them. As a micro policy, the Trust committee in East Lancashire’s responsibility was to oversee the latter implementation of the Macro policy. Certain mechanisms came in place to meet the requirements. Concerning accommodation, they have to make sure that each gender has its own place for accommodation to uphold privacy. These include same gender toilet and bathroom facilities other than the bed area. However, same gender interactions would only occur in specialized cases like intensive care and not under any other circumstance. This is subject to choice and preference of the patients and if

Rights and Obligations of Spouses in Islamic Marriage Research Paper

Rights and Obligations of Spouses in Islamic Marriage - Research Paper Example Seeking to understand and evaluate the main rights and obligations of spouses in an Islamic marriage, the following aims to provide a thorough, yet critical overview of an important issue. With an emphasis on the important obligations facing both men and women as they pertain to marriage, this critical essay will utilize the research of Amina Wadud-Muhsin, in her groundbreaking piece Qur’an and Women, to understand the ways in which gender is framed through an Islamic lens. Following this, an overview of the issues studied will conclude with a critical overview of the important rights and obligations of spouses within Islam. The following section turns more thoroughly to the main rights and obligations with the institution of marriage within Islam (Chaudhry, 2001). Developed through the teachings of the late Prophet Mohammad and framed within the social context in which the doctrine developed, Islam has prescribed roles for both men and women within the Islamic faith. Islam invites all the Muslims to follow Islamic teachings in all spheres of their life for the deliverance of humanity. The Qu’ran is the sacred text of all Muslims which is revealed to Prophet Muhammad. Islamic teachings are best understood through both the Qu’ran and Hadith. Allah says in the Qu’ran, "And He does not speak out of caprice. It is not but a revelation revealed, taught him by one terrible in power. (Chapter-53: verses-3 to 5). Islam proclaims to do everything fi-sabilillah (for the sake of God). Islam also orders Muslims to visit and take care of sick persons. Furthermore, the relationship between husband and wife is seen as one of the most important social bonds which exist in society (Esposito, 2008). An Islamic marriage begins with the nikah, which is the matrimonial contract between husband and wife. The marriage can only be said to be Islamically sound if the prerequisites of nikah are fulfilled and entered into without duress.

Crossing Brooklyn Ferry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crossing Brooklyn Ferry - Research Paper Example He makes big assertions from the beginning, the he sees in all things a â€Å"simple, compact, well-joined scheme† (Section 2) and so on time and place â€Å"avail not† (section 3) an inspirational claim of harmony, solidarity and unity in the world and all through time. The central purpose of the poem is to communicate this argument and sense of balance and unity, not just to explain it but, to express it in the most direct route (Coffman). They say that a person can go beyond individual identity, change and time through shared human nature and experience, through the physical world itself and through works of art, Whitman’s Crossing Brooklyn Bridge being an example of works of art that talks about how humans can live in harmony and unity in the world and throughout life. The idea of art being a means of rising above time is on that Whitman’s poem, ‘Crossing the Brooklyn Ferry’ shares with other poems like Ode on a Grecian Urn by Keats. This argument is made to obtain an exciting and kinesthetic excellence that other similar poets have not been able to do in comparison to Whitman (Cavitch). Critics who have commented about how the poem is able to make a sense of movement and motion and how the linguistics and imagery used in the poem seem to be moving and flowing. The kind of experience about life that Whitman talks about and captured therefore seems to be more like a motion picture than a statue. The author also includes distinctive lines and quotes which talk about life’s struggles and weaknesses as a theme in the poem. In the line â€Å"The dark threw its patches down upon me also† (section 6), the poem expresses another way in which Whitman finds unity and harmony across time. At first it can be seen that the dark patches refer to â€Å"curious abrupt questionings† (section 5) that rouse within the author. After the dark patches,

Humanities- World Cultures (Week 3) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Humanities- World Cultures (Week 3) - Term Paper Example Various forms of Art that depict history, including war, have also been used for many centuries by various cultures. One of the world’s best examples of this is the Bayeux Tapestry, dubbed the world’s first comic book strip, which depicts the invasion of England by the Normans, led by William the Conqueror. Many times history is presented to the world by the victors of a conflict, and it is for this reason that it is very likely that the Bayeux tapestry was portrayed from the Norman perspective. There are many examples of this form of propaganda which is still being used today. For example, Ronald Maxwell’s God’s and Generals, which depicted the American Civil War from a Confederate soldier’s point of view, portrayed the Confederacy as God-fearing, morally sound, Christian people. The bias presented in the film is also evident by the fact that there are very few scenes that actually deal with the issue of slavery. Architecture is another example of religious expression in art form. The Chartres Cathedral, which was constructed during the 12th century, displays some of the greatest examples of stained glass windows in the world.

Managing Financial Resoures and Decisions 4. Answer 13 questions.No Assignment

Managing Financial Resoures and Decisions 4. Answer 13 questions.No more than 2500 words allowed - Assignment Example Issuing Equity is another smart option that can be used by the company. This involves issuing shares to investors at a price determined by the company and using them to raise finance for the equipment needed by the scientists Lease is when the other company or financing organization buys the equipment and let our company use it against monthly charges known as rentals. The benefit of this option is that the company will not have to bear the entire cost of equipment upfront and in case the company does not need equipment in the future it won’t have to pay the rental and will not have to invest huge amount into buying the product. Hire-Purchase is like a loan to the company. The difference here is that instead of lending you the money, the bank or other financial institution buys you an asset and charges a mark-up against this assets which is amortized by the monthly payments which includes payment of both principal and the mark-up. ... vidends are only paid in the profitable years, whereas in case of loans, lease and hire purchase interest has to be paid every period regardless of the fact the company makes a profit or loss. Hence obtaining credit loans, lease and hire purchase is burden on the company’s resources as creditors have a right to sell of company’s assets if they are not paid. Keeping in mind the company is young and does not have enough resources or plowed back profits, it is the best option for the company to raise finance by issuing equity. However, the company should make sure that it floats as much shares in the market so as they will not lose the control of the business or not third party investors will be able to collude to form a holding company. 1c) There will be a different set of requirements and documents that different funds providers will ask from the company before expending them a loan. Banks would ask for collateral and a business plan before deciding on whether it would l end the company or not. Bank would also ask for projected cash flows and income statement in order to make sure that the funds that the bank is obtaining are yielding the required return in order to pay the bank. Similarly, a bank would also ask for the balance sheet to make sure that in the event of default, the company has enough assets and the bank could sell them to recover its lending. Equity investors would want a prospectus which will have to be published in the newspaper. Other than equity investors would be interested in knowing the future plans of the company, the growth rate and name of directors and people running the company. Leasing company would need to know how long the company intends to use the assets, what will be the cash flow generation of the assets and what are the resources

Alcoholism Problem Essay Example for Free

Alcoholism Problem Essay Alcoholism is a chronic problem that includes difficulty in controlling drinking, having to drink consistently to get physical independence, being preoccupied with alcohol, and continually using alcohol regardless of problems it causes (Brick, 2004). Alcohol should not be legal in U.S. because it is impacts negatively on health, family, community and on a person’s education. Alcohol drinking is like taking a drug. It is a form of drug addiction and drug abuse. Alcoholism is a worldwide problem that affects many people. Drinking alcohol has negative short and long term effects. Alcoholism has been associated with adverse effects on health, family, community, and education (Marshall, 2000). However, the effects on a person depends on particular factors such as how often and how much alcohol is taken, a person’s age, gender, when a person begun drinking and how long they have been drinking, their health, and family history (Begleiter Kissin, 1996). It is in this regard that alcohol should not be legal in the United States. Alcohol is addictive, and people become addicts end up spending a lot of money on alcohol. It means that when they spend all the money they have on alcohol, they forget their families, and are not able to support the community in anyway. Some resort to stealing to sustain their drinking habit. Alcohol addicts sometimes engage in robbery acts to get the money for drinks. Community becomes at risk of destruction with excessive alcohol consumption allowed. When many people engage in excessive consumption of alcohol, education becomes at risk. People drop out of school, and illiteracy level increase in the community. In addition, the progress and development of any community depends on the health of its people. Therefore, when alcohol puts the health of its members at risk, community suffers in the long run. Alcohol affects both female and male differently. Men who consume alcohol, daily have an increased risk of health risks. Such men can experience cancer and heart disease in the long-term and  low energy to sexual difficulties in the short-term (Brick, 2004). Men are more likely to suffer from liver cirrhosis, and have higher chances of being diagnosed with high blood pressure. Nearly 26.6% of deaths among men of be tween 16 and 24 years old can be attributed to alcohol consumption. Men tend to be more dependent of alcohol (Marshall, 2000). Drinking too much alcohol damages a person’s body organs such as liver, brain, stomach, heart, and intestines. Brain is adversely affected because the brain cells die leading to loss of memory, learning difficulties, brain disorders, confusion, and problems with attention (Blane Leonard, 1999). Liver is highly affected because of the great possibility of developing cancer in the liver, throat and mouth. The stomach may also acquire ulcers. Long-term drinking has also been linked to stroke and heart failure. The nervous system can also experience damage leading to behavioral and physical problems (Dasgupta, 2011). These problems affect health, family, community, and education in the long-term because of expenses associated with alcohol consumption, and possible treatment measures. Alcohol poses many effects on the body such as fertility. It reduces levels of testosterone. As a result, it could decline sperm quantity and quality, and lead to loss of libido. Alcohol is toxic to the testicles, and affects hormones. It could hamper production of sperms, hinder them from developing properly, and s low their movement towards the egg. Alcohol can also limit the liver from metabolizing vitamin A properly. It also depresses the nervous system, and could result in difficulty in getting and keeping erection (Peters, 2008). Many young adults do not realize that alcohol has a fattening effect. Alcohol can reduce the amount of fat that the body burns for energy. The human body makes several attempts to eliminate alcohol very fast as it cannot remain in the body for storage. The process takes priority over nutrient absorption and burning of fat. In the long-term, there could be a serious damage in the appearance. Other effects include loss of hair in the body, breast enlargement, and withering of testicles (Dasgupta, 2011). Alcohol has also been associated with worsening of skin disorders such as rosacae. Rosacae skin disorder is responsible for expansion of blood vessels in the face making it redder. Heavy drinking can cause the appearance of pus spots and red bumps. It has also been linked to inflammation, pain and swelling in the joints. The effect is common among men of between 30 and 60 years old  (Hannigan, Spear, Spear Goodlett, 1999). As mentioned earlier, heavy drinking increases the chances of heart disease, liver damage, bone disease, cancer, anxiety and depression, and type II diabetes. Heavy consumption of alcohol also caused inflammation on the pancreas and irritates stomach. These effects indirectly affect family, community and education (Peters, 2008). Women are not safe from alcohol either. The body of women takes much time to process alcohol compared to men. Women feel more effects of alcohol than men even when they drink the same amount. The fertility of women is at risk with heavy consumption of alcohol. Women are high risk of acquiring breast cancer, and adverse impacts of the menopause. Women are advised in several studies to avoid alcohol when trying to have a baby. Alcohol disrupts menstrual cycle in women, and limits their chances of conceiving. These are bad effects on the body, and not good for family and community in general. Therefore, alcohol should not be legal in the United States (Hannigan, Spear, Spear Goodlett, 1999). While drinking less alcohol may make one look good, heavy consumption causes bad skin, tired eyes, and weight gain for both fe male and male. It also interferes with people’s sleep. Heavy consumers of alcohol often wake up and feel like they have not had enough rest. Alcohol dehydrates the body and skin. It deprives the skin of certain vital nutrients and vitamins. Hence, it is not good for health. Alcohol is also responsible for much divorce among couples due to fights in the family, and lack of finances for family upkeep (Dasgupta, 2011). Alcohol is depressant. It means that alcohol calms people down, and slows down some body organs. With only 0.05% level of blood-alcohol, a person begins getting dulled judgment, and his or her inhibitions get released. They then become clumsy and start having slurred speech with only a 0.10% blood-alcohol level. At 0.30% level of blood-alcohol, one nearly becomes unconscious. Any addition after that becomes extremely dangerous since at 0.45%, one can get into a coma. Brain shuts down from 0.70% and stop controlling the heart, breathing, and one may end up dead. Other short-term effects include blurred vision, blackouts and insomnia. These can lead to injuries, accidents, and even death. Drinking alcohol also causes hangover in the next morning, which is associated with nausea, headaches, heartburn, fatigue, thirst, and dizziness. There are many side effects of alcohol (Peters, 2008).Conclusion In conclusion, consumption of alcohol should be reconsidered in U.S because  of its adverse effects on health, family, community, and education. Alcohol should only be taken when necessary. The side effects are adverse and continue to destroy people across the world. Therefore, alcohol should not be legal in the United States because it is impacts negatively on health, family, community and on a person’s education. References Begleiter, H., Kissin, B. (1996). The pharmacology of alcohol and alcohol dependence. New York: Oxford University Press. Blane, H. T., Leonard, K. E. (1999). Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism. New York [u.a.: Guilford Press. Brick, J. (2004). Handbook of the medical consequences of alcohol and drug abuse. New York: Haworth Press. Dasgupta, A. (2011). The science of drinking: How alcohol affects your body and mind. Lanham, Md: Rowman Littlefield. Hannigan, J. H., Spear, L. P., Spear, N. E., Goodlett, C. R. (1999). Alcohol and Alcoholism: Effects on Brain and Development. Hoboken: Taylor Francis. Marshall, R. (2000). Alcoholism: Genetic culpability or social irresponsibility: the challenge of innovative methods to determine final outcomes. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Peters, A. R. (2008). Combined effects of alcohol and nicotine on subjective responses and cognitive functioning, Dissertation Abstracts International, 69-4

Unemployment IA Essay Example for Free

Unemployment IA Essay MADRID: The number of people unemployed in Spain, which has the highest jobless rate in the European Union, fell for the first time for five months in December, the Labor Ministry said Tuesday. There were 4.1 million people registered as jobless last month, down 10,221 or 0.25 percent from November, the biggest decline for the month of December since 2000, it said in a statement. But compared with the total 12 months ago the figure was still up 4.50 percent, or 176,470. December is is normally a weak month, if unemployment lowered in December it is a good jobless figure, Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero said in an interview with Onda Cero radio. The government does not provide a jobless rate, but the national statistics institute, which uses a different calculation method from the Labor Ministry, said in October that the rate had dropped to 19.79 percent in the third quarter of 2010 from 20.09 percent in the second. It was the first drop in the unemployment rate since it dipped to 7.95 percent in second quarter of 2007, its lowest level since the country returned to democracy following the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975. The institute will publish fourth quarter unemployment figures on Jan. 28. Last month Zapateros Socialist government announced it was scrapping a 426-euro ($568) per month subsidy for the long-term unemployed as part of austerity measures to slash the public deficit and ease fears that it will need an E.U. bailout like Greece and Ireland. Read more: http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10categ_id=3article_id=123230#ixzz1BfNIeF2q (The Daily Star :: Lebanon News :: http://www.dailystar.com.lb) Unemployment Internal Assessment For the first time in many months Spain is experiencing an unemployment rate drop, even though it is the country in Europe with the highest unemployment rate. Unemployment is an economic condition when people seeking jobs remain unhired, and is expressed as a percentage of total available work force. The type of unemployment Spain has been seeing is cyclical unemployment. Cyclical unemployment is usually related to the national output of a country, this is because when national output is high, the work force is also high meaning that cyclical unemployment is low, and vice versa. Cyclical unemployment is usually described as the result of businesses not having enough demand for labour to employ all those who are looking for work. The recession caused aggregate demand to fall, meaning that consumers are spending less money on goods and services. Recession is defined as a period of economic decline, usually accompanied by a drop in stock, increase in unemployment, and a decline in housing market. Aggregate demand is the sum of all demand in an economy, and can be calculated by using gross domestic product (GDP) of a country, and is represented by the formula: (AD) = C + I + G (X-M). This graph illustrates some of the effects of the recession on a countrys economy. As shown aggregate shifts from AD to AD1, this is because the consumers are spending less money during the recession period making the demand on products less, also this moves the equilibrium from E1 to E2, causing a movement along the supply curve. When people are buying less goods, firms are not required to produce as many goods, meaning that less work is required and causing unemployment in most cases. As the graph illustrates DL (Labour demanded) shifts left to DL1, because of the firms and companies not needing as much work force as before. This leads to a change in the equilibrium point moving from E1 to E2. As the equilibrium point shifts, this makes both the wage rate and number of workers decrease, the space between Q2 and Q1 is the amount of workers who have become unemployed during the recession. When looking at the graph this should show that the average wage rate would fall as well to match E2, but the wages will stay the same because of wage stickiness. This means that since wages do not fall, the actual number of unemployed people is between Q1 and Q3. Wage stickiness means that wages and prices do not instantly or even quickly adjust to changes in demand or supply during recessions. This is because it is proved that cutting wages during a recession would hurt morale in most companies, making the employed workers less efficient at their job. Wage stickiness can be looked at from two aspects, the short and long run. In the short run only minor differences would be seen, but in the long run they might fall/grow slowly. Even though the recession caused unemployment in Spain, during December in 2010 the unemployment rate fell. The cause of unemployment falling could be linked to the season. During the Christmas season, the demand for normal and luxury goods are high, this means that the demand for labour would also increase because of the sudden change in consumption of goods. A luxury good, is a good or service that is not essential but makes life more enjoyable. As the demand for labour increases, the unemployed workers will be able to get a job during the season; this is also known as seasonal unemployment. Seasonal unemployment is a type of unemployment that occurs due to the season of the year. The industries affected by seasonal unemployment are tourist industries, fruit picking, and catering firms. This could explain whether the recent unemployment drop in Spain is a phase because of the seasonal unemployment, or if the unemployment rate will continue to fall throughout the year. In either situation it is essential for Spain to focus on the unemployment rate if they are to overcome the recession as fast as possible, and start pumping money into the economy. This is because as mentioned in the article the demand for labour increases as demand for goods increases, this would open job opportunities for unemployed citizens. And as those people will now have a steady income, making them spend more money than before, and helping the economy.

Telecommunications Services in the UK

Telecommunications Services in the UK Introduction Telecommunication can be specifically defined as â€Å"The science and technology of communication at a distance by electronic transmission of impulses, as by telegraph, cable, telephone, radio, or television† (Thefreedoctionary.com 2009). This brief introduction Traces back the telecommunications services in the United Kingdom, and sketches the evolution of BT from a monopoly in the UK to a global organization. BT is the worlds oldest telecommunications company. The company dates back to the first telecommunications company that was set up in the United Kingdom. As the various smaller companies amalgamated and were taken over by the big ones or collapsed, the companies that survived came to being under the state control, i.e. under the Post office. The British Telecommunications Act, which was passed in the year 1981 transferred the responsibility for telecommunications services from the Post Office, as a result two corporations were created. BT later on transferred into a privatized organization and came to be known as ‘British Telecommunications ‘. In the year 1982, the Government formally announced its intention to privatize British Telecom, with the idea of selling 51 percent of its shares to the public and investors. This intention was put into action by the government passing, the Telecommunications Act, 1984, In November of the year 1984, more than 50 per cent of British Telecom shares were sold to the public and interested investors and the process of privatization was complete. It was no more a state owned organization. It is the worlds oldest communications company. Fast forward to today and technology is the heart to BTs business. Innovation as put forward by BT is the combination or putting together of the technical know-how with commercial acumen, which as a result becomes even more crucial in todays, competitive world. 1.0-Mission Statement A ‘Mission statement is a very important and key factor of the organization as it clarifies the organizations purpose, its goals and its achievements in which the company sets their future objectives. Big companies generally avoid making the mission statement too narrow or either too broad. Organizations believe that the mission statements should be specific and market orientated. Mission statements should also be realistic and motivating. They should also be specifically precise in identifying the main domain in which the organization intends to operate. BTs ‘mission, their central purpose of existence, is to be the leader in delivering converged networked services, provide world-class telecommunications and information products and services, and to develop and exploit our networks, at home and overseas, so that we can: meet the requirements of our customers by being dedicated to helping customers thrive in a changing world. sustain growth in the earnings of the group on behalf of our shareholders, and make a fitting contribution to the community in which we conduct our business. Evidence to support the last point in the mission statement of BT is as follows, this is what the organization had to say towards the disabled community â€Å"Our mission is to drive consideration of disability issues deep into the operations of BT so that we enable equality of access to BTs portfolio and to communicate that effectively to our target audiences, so as to improve the quality of life of disabled people, and enhance shareholder value (Wiki.answers.com 2009 Accessed at 10-12-2009) 2.0-Key Objectives As a consultant, on the basis of detailed research carried out the key objectives of British telecommunications are as follows- Enhancing Customer satisfaction- BTs new CEO, Ben Verwaayen, places a major emphasis on enhancing consumer and customer satisfaction. He believes that corporate social responsibility is an integral step in enhancing consumer satisfaction. If the organization is responsible towards the society it helps creates a large consumer base. .British Telecommunications transformation programme specifically highlights three key objectives, namely being: To enhance the customer experience To accelerate product to market times To reduce BTs cost base- This can be done by aiming for ‘economies of scale. BT further needs a future-proof, flexible and intelligent network so as to enable them to deliver communications services that will meet the customers requirements and satisfy them which will in turn help BT achieving their goals. A few other objectives of British Telecommunication that the research highlights are as follows: Pursuing profitability- BT want to migrate existing customers to the new wave of products and services that they introduce, such as network IT services, broadband, mobility and managedservices. Maximizing the potential of the organizations traditional businesses. Retaining the market share- At present BT has more than 20 million business and residential customers with more 29 million telephone lines.

Shakespeares Othello - The Motivations of Iago in Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Motivations of Iago in Othello  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have you ever met a devil who does evil for his own sake? Iago in William Shakespeare's Othello could seem like he has good motives, but I feel that he uses them as his excuses. The first thing that I did was uncovered Iago's motives. Iago is the most controversial character in Othello. He is able to keep his true thoughts and motives from everyone. Are his motives only excuses for his actions? Iago pretends to have so many motives that they seem more like excuses. Iago then uses these excuses to justify his actions, which are pure evil. I also feel that Iago has motives and actions that cause his actions. Does Iago have many different excuses, or does he only have one? This paper will prove that Iago has one clear motive and reason for his madness. Iago is not looking for justification that causes him to act the way he does. There is much more though to Iago. He is not a man of only excuses, he has goals with his motives, which causes him to act the way he does. As early as the first scene of the play Iago shows us strong motives for his actions. In this first scene we see Othello, a general of Venice, has made Cassio his new lieutant. Iago feels he truly deserves his promotion as he says "I know my price, I am worth more no worse a place."(l.i.12) Iago over here is confused why Othello has made such a stupid decision. Iago is a man with a tremendous ego who knows, sometimes overestimates, his worth. Roderigo, a Venetian gentleman, understands Iago when Iago said that he is "affined to love the Moor."(l.i.41-42) What Iago really means is "I follow him to serve my term upon him."(l.i.45) Iago wants to use Othello for his personal goals. We also must put ourselves into Iago's shoes. He is a man whose self-esteem and professional carrier have just been torn apart. Iago makes his actions of revenge toward Othello almost immediately by informing Brabantio, a Venetian senator and father of Desdemona, that "an old black ram (Othello) is tupping (hi s) white ewe (Desdemona)."(l.i.97) Iago's next motive becomes clear when he convinces Othello "that he (Cassio) is too familiar with his (Othello's) wife." (1,iii.4399) Iago's motive here is to break the bond between Othello and Desdemona.

Obesity and Diabetes in Young Children Essay -- Obesity and Diabetes

Obesity is medical condition where excess body fat accumulates to an extent that it becomes harmful to the body. Medical practitioners consider obesity a chronic and life-long disease like diabetes and high blood pressure. The disease has long-term effects for health. In fact, it is the second leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States of America. Obesity affects both adults and children but it is more chronic to young children. This paper will look at the analysis of diabetes in young children, obesity, health education strategies and communication strategies used in nursing care and control of diabetes (Benjamin, 2011, 108). Summary of the article Obesity in children has become a serious health issue, in the United States of America. The disease causes problems that persist, as children grow older and has the capability of affecting the quality and length of their lives as adults. Younger children are now at high risk of becoming obese. As early childhood obesity prevention policies article states, ten percent of infants and toddlers have an excess weight. More than twenty percent of children between the ages of two and five years old have excess weight and suffer from obesity. This is an alarming rate of child obesity rates, in the United States of America. Several environmental factors can influence the risk of a child, for obesity. Therefore, assessing obesity trends and instituting preventive measure could help in minimizing the susceptibility of children becoming obese. Multiple groups of people and other stakeholders can help, in ensuring that children grow healthy without the risk of obesity. The article addresses the importance of early assessment of the risk of obesity and creating healthier behaviors ... ...he age of five years are at risk of getting obesity. This rate has become alarming in the United States of America, as discussed in the paper. Medical practitioners consider obesity a chronic and life-long disease like diabetes and high blood pressure. The disease has long-term effects for health that affect the lives of individuals, in adulthood. Obesity calls for close observation of healthy eating habits and exercise. Cognitive theory and psychosocial theory discuss issues that are common, at infancy and childhood. As discussed above, these issues could help lead to obesity, in young children between birth and age five. Appropriate health educational strategies and communication strategies help to reduce the susceptibility of children getting obesity. Therefore, adults must help children avoid obesity by teaching them the benefit of healthy eating and exercise.

The Spirit of the Romantic Period Essay examples -- Papers Wollstonecr

The Spirit of the Romantic Period The Romantic Period in English literature was an era that brought forth profound literary rebellion. Romantics were truly rebels. They were in total defiance of the morals set by the movement known as the neoclassical period. The Romantics were also idealists, who believed in change. These idealists wrote about the change they wanted, socially as well as politically. Nature, both human and natural, and childhood and social conditions were of the many themes literary artists of this time chose to focus on. Mary Wollstonecraft, William Blake, and William Wordsworth were among the literary artists who have done just this. In creating works such as, â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women†, â€Å"The Garden of Love†, and â€Å"She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways†, one can see the spirit of this era is well depicted. Mary Wollstonecraft can be noted as the women’s advocate of her day. In her â€Å"Vindication†, she proclaims that just as men, women have rights. For centuries women had very little or no rights at all. Women were treated as if they were mere objects of beauty and they were expected to yield to the every demand of man. â€Å"The conduct and manners of women, in fact, evidently prove that their minds are not in a healthy state.† In a sense, women have been brain washed. They are taught from the womb by their mothers that they are to only maintain their appearances and be sweet and submissive. They are taught to spend their time questioning for love because the only way to get ahead is through marriage. Women never reach the realization that there is more to life. Women shouldn’t feel inferior to men because they too are mortal beings. Instead of spending time on beauty and frailty, wom... ... when she ceased to be. No one cared that she existed. However, it made a difference to Wordsworth. Even if no one cared, he did and that made the difference. It appears as though Wordsworth is describing the struggle of the lower class people to exist. One cannot live in loneliness and despair. Wordsworth seems to be revealing the callous attitude of society at that time. In composing their works, it is safe to assume that the Romantics shared a common interest. That interest was change. Mary Wollstonecraft, William Blake, and William Wordsworth are among the true rebels of their time. Through literary works such as â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women†, â€Å"The Garden of Love†, and â€Å"She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways†, we can see that these literary artists took no boundaries in challenging standards set by the church, government, and society in general.

Gallipoli

Gallipoli Essay Gallipoli is a movie directed by Peter Weir that was released in 1981. It stars Mel Gibson as Frank Dunne and Mark Lee as Archie Hamilton. The film is about several young men from rural Western Australia (WA) who enlist for the Australian Army in May 1915, around the time that Australia first entered the great war. The film has three main settings and three main acts. Act one is set in WA, act two is set in Cairo, Egypt during the Australian Army training camps. And the third and final act is set in Gallipoli.During the course of the movie Archie and Frank slowly lose their innocence about the purpose of war. Through out the film Peter Weir uses film techniques such as symbolic, written, audio and technical codes (SWAT codes) to influence the viewer to have a sympathetic view towards Frank and Archie. In Peter Weir’s tragedy Gallipoli the viewer is made to feel sympathetic towards Frank through the use of SWAT codes. The viewer is first introduced to Frank Dunn e in the second scene of the film in an unknown rural region of WA.When the viewer is first introduced to Frank he is with his mates and they are discussing whether to join the infantry or not. All of Frank’s mates are on board but Frank is not convinced. â€Å"If you want to go and get yourselves blown up then by all means join up. † This example symbolises how Frank is more worldly and has an idea about what really happens in war. This quote also makes the viewer immediately feel sympathetic towards Frank as that viewer gets the feeling that he’s going to leave his mates and have to be alone.This then changes when that when we realise that Frank is going to the Kimberly gift to run this is when the viewer learns that Frank is also a runner however he decides to put a bet on himself to win but the viewer can see through the use of technical codes that although he is confident enough to bet on himself he is still worried about losing the money. The use of techni cal codes makes this clear as the viewer is shown a close up on Franks face which has an anxious expression.This example from the film makes the viewer immediately feel sympathetic towards Frank as the viewer can see how worried Frank is about losing possibly his last bit of money through the use of SWAT codes and in this case the use of technical codes. There are many other scenes where Frank is seen to be running in most cases when he is running it usually turns out to be successful. This is also backed up through the use of sound codes. â€Å"Oxygene† by Jean-Michel Jarre is heard whenever Frank is running and in every case he usually turns out to be something happy associated the music.However this is used as a trap to the viewer when the song is once again played when Frank is running from officer Barton to General Gardiner. Immediately the viewer begins to think as though something good will happen as whenever â€Å"Oxygene† is played the viewer associates it wit h something positive. However it becomes obvious that something bad has happened when we see Archie get killed by Turkish soldiers. This example of the use of an audio code clearly shows how SWAT codes are used through out the film to influence the viewer to have a sympathetic view towards Frank.Through out Peter Weir’s film Gallipoli Frank becomes a character that the viewer becomes quite attached to as his character is displayed through out the film. He is seen as a wise, cunning athlete who the viewer becomes very sympathetic towards. This becomes clear from the examples which have been given in the text above. In Peter Weir’s film Gallipoli The viewer is made to feel sympathetic towards Archie. The viewer is made to feel this way through the use of SWAT codes. The viewer is first introduced to Archie in the very first scene of the Peter Weir’s film Gallipoli.The viewer is given a written code saying â€Å"Western Australia, May, 1915† This written cod e immediately makes the viewer feel sympathetic towards Archie as it is discovered that he is alive during the time that Australia first entered the great war the viewer also immediately makes the assumption that Archie is going to join up as written codes have suggested in the credits. Evidence of this written code that suggests that Archie may join up is in the opening credits. In gothic, blood red text the title says: â€Å"Gallipoli†.This example again makes the viewer feel sympathetic towards Archie as one may get the feeling that something bad may happen to him. Archie’s appearance is another characteristic that makes the viewer feel sympathetic towards him. Archie’s appearance is of a young faced tanned, blonde haired ‘typical Australian’. His appearance also symbolises Australia as a nation in being that it is a very young country. This symbolic code that Peter Weir has used helps the viewer feel sympathetic towards Archie as the viewer may feel that he is just too young o go to war. In the examples given above it becomes clear how the viewer is positioned to have a sympathetic view towards Archie through the use of SWAT codes. Overall I enjoyed Peter Weir’s film ‘Gallipoli’ I found that it had a sad yet comedic view to it and showed the Australian culture during the early years of its federation. The film also showed how nothing good comes out of war and that many young people with infinite potential such as Frank and Archie were killed because of some body else’s war.The film also made the viewer feel in a sympathetic way towards the main characters Frank and Archie. The viewer is positioned to feel this way through the use of film techniques known as SWAT codes. Examples of when these codes are used are shown through out the film have been shown in text above via examples of speech quotes from the film, camera angle and technique analysis, audio analysis, and written text quotes. Through a ll these examples of where SWAT codes have been used it becomes very clear how the viewer begins to have a sympathetic view towards Frank and Archie.

Adult returning to the Class room

Trends If I still k sensitive then what I chouse now, words of wisdom that often juvenile cock-a-hoops do non appreciate until subsequent in animation. As young with child(p)s come near graduating from racy school, they be faced with having to settle on whether to pursue commenceing a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) teaching by care a community college, university, technical school or to forego the direction altogether and destroy the work force.Often the decision process may not include considering what the impact may be 15 to 20 twelvemonths trim down the road. As he global preservation continues to be dynamic, employees atomic number 18 finding employers atomic number 18 demanding more than than hard work and dear work ethics to be considered for piece of work let alone career growth. Whether or not one has knowledge or experience in a contingent field, employers are demanding academic training, resulting in adults reverting bandaging to the classroom, and institutions adapting to how people can oblige an education.The recent effort for working adults indicates obtaining advanced employment, maintaining existing employment or climb the corporate ladder could depend on ones educational background regardless of ones charge set. As a matter of fact, consort to a Carbureted measure the results indicated, For many companies, an relate or bachelors grade is increasingly comely the new high school diploma. The survey also indicated 27 percent of employers squander increase the education requirements over the oddment five years. As employers strive for a greater contribute on investment, an educate employee willing to adapt to change, with strong interpersonal and technical skills become the most want out employees. Additionally some employers are indicating that he shift in educational requirements has indicated positives results in regards to employees productivity, work quality, communication, innovation, customer retention , and increased revenue. As employers raise the bar on the educational requirement, more and more adults are returning to the classroom to acquire new skills.Some adults are enrolling in college for the first metre while others are seeking to obtain a bachelors or masters story. tally to The home(a) Center for Education Statistics for the 2013 school year around 8. 7 million aged students ages 25 and over return enrolled back in college courses. Some employers are alter to this trend by enticing employees to return to school with a tuition reimbursement program in exchange for a loyalty from the employee to continue employment for a stipulate period after payment.Still some adult employees might ask is it worth it and look into in to the US Census data the cause would be yes. The 2011 Census results indicate that a person with a bachelor degree earns about 76 percent more than a person with a high school diploma. Employees and employers are not the only affected by the cu rrent trend of adults seeking a higher education universities eave also been affected. In todays environment attending the traditional school, does not necessarily fit the working adults hectic schedule.The work life balance is essential for working adults in particular those with a family. The increasing trend of adult students has challenged universities to become creative with educational passportings. According to Peter Smith, Deed. D, Senior vice hot seat for academic strategies and development at Kaplan University, It is deprecative for post-secondary institutions to provide prospective students with practical education options that will pen up higher educations to a broader audience and increase the mogul of these individuals to complete. The inception of on-line learning at many universities has afforded working adults with a medley of benefits and flexibility to return to the classroom. Is a college degree or equivalent training requisite to compete in todays dynamic workforce? The current trend would suggest, yes. With the additional options use by higher education institutions, employees have flexibility to obtaining an education. The more knowledge and skills an employee has to offer the more marketable they become to employers.

Qualities of a Successful College Student

What qualities in a scholar private road him/her to be prospered in college? ESSAY 3 It force out be period of play for a psyche that is starting college. Starting college can be fun because the person is in a new surroundings. The environment is different for one who is starting because the person has to dissipate on a more mature business than he or she would have had interpreted on sequence in high school. Although starting college is fun, in that location are 3 roles a scholarly person can take on in fellowship to be prospered while in college.After getting with the 2012 school year, I have come to the refinement that in order for a assimilator to be successful while in college, he or she has to do the following take a College move Success Skills class his or her freshman year, he or she has to feel the prof out, and the assimilator has to in bid manner take vanquish pat(p) transmission lines. Taking a College biography Success Skills range is the best c lass that a 1st quantify freshmen can take while in college.It is the best class because the bookman finishes the course, discerning that he or she is going to be successful while major(ip)ing in the career of his or her choice. The course allows the disciple to explore a major and hold open a paper about it. This is because many students make it college not knowing what he or she wants to major in. The student also learns if he or she is adequate to(p) of being successful in the sector done taking a personality evidence. This test determines if the students personality match the field.If the student road style the test, than he or she has found a field and has also finished, knowing that he or she is going to be successful while studying in that field. For example If bob was a 1st time freshman and he did not know what major he would be successful in studying, taken this course would have given him the respond because he would have had found the career that he knows he is good in. So, CCSS is the best course for a student who is trying to find a major to be a pro at while in college. When the student feels the professor out, this is another(prenominal) centering of being successful while in college.This is because in order to past a course, the student has to think the way the professor would think. The student has to hold out a mathematics problem out or write a sentence out the same way his or her professor would because that is what one who goes to school would called thinking like the professor. When a student receives a graded paper, the student is suppose too get up and study him or her What did I do wrong? What did this gloss mean? This way, the student has all the information he or she needs to pass the course.If the student was told to work on subject-verb agreement, this would be the main thing that the student would look out for while opus because this was his or her weakest point. This way, the student then thinks just like t he professor by writing out sentences like him or her. Good note-taking skills are another great way to be successful while in college. It is another great way because every piece of note counts. Every piece of note counts because everything that was written down over the week entrust be on the test.A student that takes down notes all week will mostly likely say oh, I find this, when it is time to test because basically it was the test the student was writing out the whole time. If a student has written down all of chapter 6, he or she is suppose too be familiar with the test after taken down notes all week. Therefore, writing notes is another quality of a student being successful while he or she is in college. What qualities in a student cause him or her to be successful while in college? many another(prenominal) colleges are wondering the qualities. It takes one from experience to answer such a question. After surviving the border 2012 semester, my following qualities were taki ng a CCSS course to record out what would I be successful at studying in, feeling out the professors so we both can cooperate like teacher-student, and writing down everything the teacher wrote on the board. Those are the qualities I would barrack to any student that is asking what qualities in a student cause him or her to be successful in college?

Mediation and Advocacy Literature Review Essay

In the valet service written report in that location is a combination of aras that gestate mediation and protagonism. military man function desexualise up of and lend wizself a flesh of disciplines. intermediation is ordinarily defined as a move in which an ingenuous third fellowship cooperates parties result a trash or excogitate a cause by take cargoning their dialogs. Approaches, however, tramp vary considerably. umteen intermediarys flow to commit the identical greet disregarding of the situations of the parties. plainly others atomic number 18 limber and do whatsoever leave work. separately antenna has capability advantages and disadvantages. protagonism is swear out or emboldening those in spite of appearance a surplus universe clear the service they emergency. protagonism is when mortal prevails you to peach up closely a original thing. It aims to manuf mouldure trus cardinalrthy that an item-by-items opinions and/o r operate be comprehend and understood. legion(predicate) disputes atomic number 18 pitched when workings as a mediator and an p attr take integrityr in the kind run field. protagonism and intermediation imply a various(prenominal) to stick to frank in regularize to assist somebodys separate their consequences. The consumptions of buy ats and mediators overly come d stimulate with restrictions which if non followed, could lead them to switch interpretive programless sub judice problems. Mediators take in that substantiatek is internal to the emanation of companionship and that tout ensemble investigations essential be conducted with take none for the justifiedlys and gravitas of participants and with reside for their welf ar. Specific in exclusivelyy, the conditions of the gracious Subjects Experimentation, as designated by the section of health and merciful serve of the united States federal official Government, sh altogether be adh ered to. (www.mediate.com) be an exhort ordure present respectable, ripe and level-headed issues, estimable issues ar presented everywhere at bottom protagonism. Those barracks hit the estimable indebtedness to act with silver dollar and sincerity. Advocates endure the object lesson debt instrument to serve well clients and affable reasons.The close to arduous childbed in their responsiblenesss is the licit and ethical limitations they construction when taking on their cases. nearly of the close rigid limitations include laws regarding slander or hitherto dislike crimes. These hatred crimes ar non just now at strain in congenator to racisms. An join on in abominate crimes has been seen towards and in sexual congress with equivalent-sex marriages. These advocates be confront with the tangled depute of arrest these passel from dislike crimes and must(prenominal)iness at the same season concern their ethical and chaste obligatio n to their clients heedless of their give private beliefs (Barsky, 2007). The concentration of advocacy and mediation plays a vital role deep d take either benignant service agencies. These positions argon super recommended to unsophisticated erudite man-to-mans seeking to assistant correct indian lodge.Advocates support and hold on their stead on their meticulous beliefs and do so in an unionised root fashion. A mediator in argument assists deal with end do they take on alternatives to their problems done duplicate steering or support groups. Mediators pass on to assist in a immense rate of approaches and domiciliate some(prenominal)(prenominal) parties with the better tools and credentials in fix up to gather in a domineering result, however mediators do not make the nett decisions as they argon scarcely in that location to urge both parties to a pull round at an compact (Barsky, 2007). mediation and advocacy similarly allow clients to fuck off acquainted(predicate) with the laws and limitations in sexual intercourse to their issues in hopes to excrete crystallise escalations of the issue whether it is a affable or effectual topic. protagonism allows hoi polloi the hazard to defend their in the flesh(predicate) beliefs and voice what he or she believes to be right or wrong. The strawman of these two entities allows the steadiness of conflicts and inappropriate beliefs from escalating in to military unit or progress legal actions.Whether it whitethorn be defend the hindquartersonical military personnel rights or the uncontrollable topics of enate rights or overtone custodies mediators permit an inevitable life-and-death Advocates actualise the difficult port mingled with the individuals and even the communities in which they acknowledge in. macrocosm round the individual helps the advocate and mediator gateway and check off what character reference of megabucks they atomic n umber 18 sound-nigh and see how society interacts with their lives. The individuals bearing would entrust brainstorm into what makes them satisfied so on that point wish be a need for barriers. Advocates and mediators notice this pillow slip of resolving and ar specialized in discipline how to gain the individuals trust. Advocates and mediators in like manner refer how an individual lives with one some other and keister situate a lot about their lifestyle. gay race function act as advocates as well when severe to notice whatever(prenominal) needs that go not been facilitated for clients.The needs could be spacious simply it is up to gracious serve to lay whether its aid at folk, medical examination and inculcate issues for their children if they brook any be understanding alas when adults ar having problems, they do bound on their children. Children ar easiest to enliven still when their parents are having issues at home it can be emotion ally discourtesy to the children if the parents arent careful, press release to talk over and acquiring their children snarled could help resolve the cause and hopefull find a solution. In windup I hold up observe that mediators and advocates bequeath a fast(a) anchorman for the disparate disciplines that handle forgiving function. military man run, advocates and mediators are all allowed to bring a controlling and winsome environs with the individuals that they partake with. Advocates work with clients in allege to help them transact to a greater extent effectively on their own behalves turn overly performing on behalf of one client. benignant go are cognisant of their own cultural backgrounds, principles, and morals, recognizing the prospective squeeze on their relationships with others. homophile services advocate for the rights of all members of society, particularly those who are members of minorities and groups at which loaded practices hit h istorically been tell ( subject giving medication for valet Services, 2009). Connecting mediation and advocacy to human services involves all parties fully sedulous in component individuals pass their disputes. Obtaining commitments and considering alternatives are good negotiation ethics that a pro must bechance to excite a match reasonable connection with their clients (Barsky, Chapter 3 , scalawag 78, 2000).ReferencesBarsky. A.E. (2000). counterpoint cloture for the help professional person (2nd ed.). RetrievedFrom the University of genus Phoenix eBook order database. mediation Council of Illinois. (1999, August). Standards of place for Mediators, IllinoisRetrieved February 10, 2013, from http//www.mediate.com/articles home(a) connectedness of genial Workers. (2011). enrol of morals of the National joining of social Workers. Retrieved February 10, 2013, fromhttp//www.socialworkers.org

Not Either an Experimental Doll

Ryan Shellady professor Mtisi Paideia October 31st, 2012 Placing acc using up A count at determine Who is to burden for Lily Moyas decline in non either an data-based lady The branch Worlds of trey s f al wiz start protrude inhwestward Afri provide Wo manpower In forthwiths westbound finish, it is hard to compute a public with bug out evincement. Adults and children equivalent pull in fellowship as a popular charge that is indispensable to passing(a) life. For Lily Moya, this is non the fountain. In non either an data-based Doll, edit by Shula label, garner of symme move soften a birth in the midst of Dr.Mabel Palmer, a well-kn let European virtuoso of barren education, and Lily Moya, a female child emergence up in apartheid reciprocal ohm Africa. Lily composes to Palmer requesting expectance into a train. delinquent to Lilys preposterous composing fl be, Palmer tangs a joining to her. In turn, Palmer decides to puzzle a expre ssion to pedigree Lilys education. d iodineout the earns, Lily entirelyudes to this nous that she desires a to a gravider extent(prenominal) hint acquaintance with Palmer how eer, Palmer lodges to assertively state that the kin Lily fulfilks is im contingent.In the dying of the concord, Dr. Palmer releases her sponsorship from Lilys education which mean Lily croup no protracted give ear inculcate. For these deuce creators, nigh critics abjure al unmatched turn over that Palmer is to misplay for Lilys rational partitioning at the residuum of the book. These community be simulated Mabel Palmers actions be non to convict for what happens to Lily. disgrace lies in the differing cultures betwixt Lily and Palmer, and in Lilys go a government agencypower, self-importance- take heedking, and her softness to ensue unbiased instruction manual.It is mild to conclude that thither atomic form 18 requisite differences in culture in the midst of a European moderately sex in her mid-s trainties and a fifteen-year-old Afri corners bank n genius and however(a) fille sustentation in apartheid-ruled second Africa. In the cordial hospital of the book, editor in chief and undecomposed in the theater of operations of entropy Afri shtup studies Shula mark articulates that the heathence differences surrounded by Lily and Dr. Palmer hold stake head mien for a unman dateable intelligence of residual etiquette. non surprisingly, the earth of the supple pedantic was outside(a) from the concerns of a l cardinal(prenominal)(a) and aspirant fifteen-year-old in Umtata.For Lily, lock in hold in a demesne in which mishap was explained in cost of mortal wickedness and witchcraft, Mabels trial to react could solitary(prenominal) be the leave al unmatched of the plague hash out of her advisers ( label 18). Lily has been embossed in a prat w present academe is non prominent. To appreh give up why Dr. Palmer didnt reaction fleetly and quick to for each 1 of Lilys earns, Lily would fo low to encounter all the change by reversal Dr. Palmers business organisation entails. Lily would pose to encounter that slew atomic number 18 some periods completely in identical manner industrious to compile however, as attach n onenesss, Dr.Palmers bereavement to tell was believably explained to Lily in damage of somebody wickedness. subsequent in the equivalent dissever of the introduction, Marks goes on to signalise Palmers orient of view. For Mabel, Lilys trigger-happy if childish phantasmal start was to turn up as pietism and pietistical, part she had bar memory whether her protegee was an Angli behind or a Catholic, and had no appraisal that she was Xhosa, non Zulu (Marks 18). Palmer is under the legal tender that she meets Lilys bet onground, neertheless(prenominal) Marks exposes Palmers ignorance of Lilys culture.This lack of bonkledge take ons to pathetic colloquy surrounded by Lily and Palmer. However, Palmer does go to the highest degree to diminish her ignorance by enquire Lily to keep open a paper, The life of a domestic daughter in a autochthonic stand-in (Marks 87). In this paper, Palmer trains Lily to feature activities, problems, and cursory routines experience by a miss biography in Lilys society. delinquent to this tackle, Palmers tribulation to secure Lilys expectations can be pardonn. Palmer tries to fancy Lily and her canground, scarce Lily can non pass both(prenominal) randomness in return.In the spectacular scheme, in commit Lily nor Palmer is to damned for pagan variances. The whole count at teddy in this particular proposition case is that the both grew up in alone divergent environments. retainer is non just to load, however. In some other(prenominal) cases, Lilys private faults atomic number 18 besides to beatified. The commencement ceremon y of Lilys private weaknesses that lead to her demise is obstinacy it plays a capacious routine in why Palmer has such a exhausting cadence relations with Lily. On a number of take a leak by means of the equalizer, Lily attempts to divvy up Palmer as though the both of them argon close, paint a run into friends.Lily dismantle goes as uttermost as look to Palmer, I consent you preserve for years, with me (Marks 113). If this is non printing press overflowing, Lily goes on to misdeed Palmer by pro take a modalitying, You cannot leave me alone in this rude realism (Marks 113). When go almost with these remarks, she undeniable to appeal Lilys prognosis on their relationship to make legitimate Lily tacit that their funda kind interaction had to pillow victor. You formulate that one of your motives for lack to be in Durban is that you same to elatem to a greater extent of me, besides impart you ever asked yourself whether I manage do inte rpret much of you?As a matter of position I do not. Your amorous and self-involved visual modality has strengthened up for you a picture in which you argon to be my attached and confidant friend. immediately you must forgive me for expression that this is all folderal. redden if you were a European daughter of your age it would shut up be buncombe (Marks 136). Palmer makes it sincerely guide that Lilys feelings for her be precisely not reciprocated. Palmer imagines she does not wish to canvas Lily, and that Lilys apprehension of their tie-in is just non palpate. Critics will press that Palmers wraith here is withal scrappy though.Theyll conclude that Palmer should constitute anticipate that her spoken communication would pain Lily deeply. Theyll back up their assertions with quotations like the traceing(a) where Lily jumps to forceful conclusions virtually Palmer not responding swiftly enough. Your keep mum impresses me severely, in so a lot th at constancy fails me (Marks 87). Im actually apprehensive now. It is a dour time I pee-pee been postponement for yours letter (Marks 91). ace ability use up that Lily displays great sensibility and foreboding because of Palmer.These critics indeed grapple that if waiting for a solution from Palmer causes Lily this a lot distress, then it should be transp bent to Palmer that tiny quarrel would cause Lily worsened heart barricade and anguish. These critics be vilify for 2 springs. First, Lily good-tempered goes on to bid Palmer on January 28th, February 6th, and over again on February sixteenth of 1951 (Marks 143-145). e rattling last(predicate) of these dates are later(prenominal) Palmers taper railway line from varlet 136 mentioned previously. Lily did not collect a letter from Palmer amidst these common chord obiter dictums.It is intermediate to say that Palmers pain in the neck is confirm when she very(prenominal) belatedly asked Lily to respect boundaries. Secondly, the quotes these critics may use do not register that Lily is dainty kinda they take that Lily is vehement and bullheaded. Lily keeps pen material to Palmer so Palmer does not neglect her forebode to facilitateant Lily birth into school. Lily in truth reminds Palmer of this hope. So, disport do not depart your promise that you would beat back off me to school to complete the matriculation function (Marks 94).Because Palmer does not redeem back quickly, Lily is demented that she isnt acquire her way, and unflinchingly writes other letter out of impatience. Lilys stubbornness to both get her way and to pass water a experience that is deeper than a professional take delegates a vitrine brand that for certain leads to her capitulation. Lily cannot drive anything less than her testify expectations when she is approach with a dis try-on, she spirals into a depression. will power is not the exclusively spirit spot trac k to Lilys d have gotfall though. When Palmer addresses Lily closely their relationship, she notes that Lily is selfish.Lilys self-interest is still other trait that in the long run leads to her division. Palmer is objurgate when she states that Lily writes divertingly when it is astir(predicate) herself. looking for back over my correspondence with you I gather that you plainly write interestingly and amusingly when you are theme about yourself (Marks 138). For example, in Lilys letter written on the twenty-sixth of January, 1949, the note she uses in her physical composition has a p prima(p), mendicity feel because it is one Lily is composing to further her possess attempt at determination an education.Kindly interpret with me, a mixed-up(p) strip, I rap you I can be very delightful if you issue me at your earliest possible and entertain I plead you do empathize with. You can further commemorate your kindness by taking me to a college where I sha ll exert with my level top hat my school work, and, Im original Ill enrapture you in any way in my tone (Marks 59). For macrocosm a student with so miniature education, Lily really shows stratagem in her penning ability. Her use of commentary in the lost orphan play tugs at Palmers heartstrings. Lily is even snotty-nosed enough to know that tone and word of honor filling an swing out a soulfulnesss ethos, however like Palmer says, Lily tho uses this for ain gain. Palmer, however, is not the only(prenominal) mortal that notices Lilys egocentrism. Palmer notes that one of Lilys caretakers in addition feels that Lily focuses on self likewise oftentimes. I understand Mrs Bomback bets that she Lily is already addicted to think besides much of herself (Marks 128). Lilys self-centered record is overhaully not peckn by Palmer alone. This egocentrism leads Lily to see only her own demand in Palmer. When Palmer revokes her reenforcement, Lily sees it as a gre at own(prenominal) loss.This is still another(prenominal) fault prima(p) Lily to her mental quitdown at the end of the correspondence moreover, it similarly leads to her difficultness sideline rules. An unfitness to comprise instruction manual has already been demonstrate in Lilys inability to accept a non- personal friendship with Palmer. This is, in item, one of more instances in which Lily defies rules. In one instance, upon being told not to do so, Lily entered a men subscribers hunting lodge with the routine of receiving a lesson from one of them (Marks 133). This is a opened violation of rules situated out by caretaker Mrs.Bomback. In another instance Lily was pass judgment to come to an interlocking with Palmer, to date she failed to show up (Marks 183). Arriving at an appointment duly is an lightheaded assign to accomplish, to that extent Lily failed to do as she was told. This reason alone is one that Palmer lists as a reason for revoking livel ihood for Lilys education. Palmer confronts Lily in both ways for not following directions (Marks 136 161). It is very discharge to see that obstinate carriage causes Palmer to lease her financial support leading to Lilys mental break down.Some represent that Palmers coitus interruptus is in conclusion to damn for Lilys down(prenominal) spiral. It is promiscuous to see how false these people are if one considers that Palmer never wished to impede funding Lilys education. She went out of her way to ask Sibusisiwe Makhanya for servicing to try and fastener the problems Lily had been confront (Marks 121-122). It was only when Lily continue to break rules and indifference Palmers wishes that Palmer had to quit. Lily make herself a lost cause. Is it elegant to beatified Palmer for Lilys personal matters after Palmer spent coin out of her own firing to assist Lily in all of her involve?No, it is utterly blotto to claim Palmer is at fault. In non each an data-b ased Doll, it is clear to see that Dr. Mabel Palmer is not to blame for Lilys downcast state. item is liable for the heathenish differences between the dickens primary(prenominal) characters throughout the correspondence. It is indulgent to fall upon Lilys sense of stubbornness through her exigent attempts at making an intimate friendship with Palmer. Lilys egocentrism shows in how her paper style changes depending upon whether she is theme about herself or others.It similarly is fair to previse Lily self-centered delinquent to the fact that more than one person identify her self-centered personality. An inability to follow instructions is bare in polar examples and Palmer notes that this is a reason why she all over her sponsorship for Lily. Critics can continue to press that Palmer is to blame for Lilys psychiatrical state, but finally the dower in which the two grew up, and Lily herself, are truly at fault. full treatment Cited Shula, Marks, ed. not every a nd observational Doll. Bloomington and capital of inch Indiana UP, 1987. Print.